Between 1642 and 1652, German soldier Caspar Schmalkalden journeyed throughout the world in the service of the Dutch West India Company and the Dutch East India Company. After he returned home, he recorded his experiences in a delightful manuscript, Die Wundersamen Reisen des Caspar Schmalkalden nach West- und Ostindien, 1642–1652. He spent two years on Taiwan, where he served as a surveyor. One of his drawings depicts a Chinese merchant in robes, with folded fan and parasol. Source: Gotha, Forschungsbibliothek, Chart. B 533, fo. 255.

From How Taiwan became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han colonization in the seventeenth century by Tonio Andrade