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  3. Foodways in Roman Republican Italy

Foodways in Roman Republican Italy

Laura M. Banducci
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  • Contents

Foodways in Roman Republican Italy explores the production, preparation, and consumption of food and drink in Republican Italy to illuminate the nature of cultural change during this period. Traditionally, studies of the cultural effects of Roman contact and conquest have focused on observing changes in the public realm: that is, changing urban organization and landscape, and monumental construction. Foodways studies reach into the domestic realm: How do the daily behaviors of individuals express their personal identity, and How does this relate to changes and expressions of identity in broader society? Laura M. Banducci tracks through time the foodways of three sites in Etruria from about the third century BCE to the first century CE: Populonia, Musarna, and Cetamura del Chianti. All were established Etruscan sites that came under Roman political control over the course of the third and second centuries BCE. The book examines the morphology and use wear of ceramics used for cooking, preparing, and serving food in order to deduce cooking methods and the types of foods being prepared and consumed. Change in domestic behaviors was gradual and regionally varied, depending on local social and environmental conditions, shaping rather than responding to an explicitly "Roman" presence.

  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Dedication
  • Contents
  • Acknowledgments
  • Introduction
  • Part 1
    • Chapter 1. Context
    • Chapter 2. Case Study Sites
  • Part 2
    • Chapter 3. Methodology
    • Chapter 4. Ceramics for Cooking
    • Chapter 5. Ceramics for Preparing and Serving Food
    • Chapter 6. Food Remains from the Environmental Record
  • Part 3
    • Chapter 7. Site Syntheses and Summaries
    • Chapter 8. Searching for Explanations
    • Conclusions
  • Appendixes
    • Appendix I: Note on Statistics
    • Appendix II: Rim Diameter as a Proxy for Vessel Volume
    • Appendix III: Sooting Experiments
  • Footnotes
  • Bibliography
  • Index
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Published: 2021
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
ISBN(s)
  • 978-0-472-13230-0 (hardcover)
  • 978-0-472-12838-9 (ebook)
Subject
  • Archaeology
  • Classical Studies:Roman

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Fig. 12. Bar graph comparing the quantities of different cooking vessels at each site. Ceramica da fuoco olle are the most numerous at all three sites, followed by ceramica da fuoco bases and lids.

Distribution of cooking wares between the sites compared

From Chapter 4

Fig. 12. Distribution of different cooking ware forms in the whole cooking assemblage at each site

Fig. 13. Profile drawings of 10 groups of cooking vessels at all three sites. From Musarna we see examples of olle, pentole, and lids in ceramica da fuoco and tegami and pentole in internal red-slip ware. From Populonia we see olle and pentole in ceramica da fuoco, and tegami in internal red-slip ware. From Cetamura we see olle in ceramica da fuoco and tegami in internal red-slip ware.

Diagrams of cooking wares at all three sites

From Chapter 4

Fig. 13. Profile drawings of typical ceramica da fuoco and internal red-slip forms at each site: (1) olle from Musarna, (2) pentole from Musarna, (3) lids from Musarna, (4) internal red-slip tegame from Musarna, (5) internal red-slip pentole from Musarna, (6) olla from Populonia, (7) pentola from Populonia, (8) internal red-slip tegami from Populonia, (9) olle from Cetamura del Chianti, (10) internal red-slip tegami from Cetamura del Chianti

Fig. 14. Four stacked bar graphs comparing the diameters of olla rims in periods at Musarna. There are more larger olle in the final period and a wider spread of diameter sizes.

Diameters of ceramica da fuoco olle at Musarna

From Chapter 4

Fig. 14. Graph of diameters of ceramica da fuoco olle at Musarna, divided by period

Fig. 15. Interior of rim sherd whose upper half is black with soot while the lower half is clean.

Olla with blackening on its interior rim

From Chapter 4

Fig. 15. Photograph of olla with blackening on interior in location 4 (MUS 2370)

Fig. 20. Whole olle vessel exterior whose body is entirely black with soot with the exception of the lower wall and base.

Whole olla with exterior sooted except for base

From Chapter 4

Fig. 20. Photograph of an intact olla with blackening on exterior in location 9 (MUS 4735)

Fig. 16. Drawing of two olla rims. On the left the rim has an angle of 90 degrees and does not have interior abrasion. On the right, the rim has an angle of 45 degrees and has interior abrasion.

Correlation between rim angle and rim abrasion

From Chapter 4

Fig. 16. Profile drawing illustrating the higher probability of abrasion on the interior rim as the rim angle increases

Fig. 17. Four stacked bar graphs comparing the diameters of pentola rims in periods at Musarna. In the final two periods, there are more larger rims and a wider spread of diameter sizes.

Diameters of ceramica da fuoco pentole at Musarna

From Chapter 4

Fig. 17. Graph of diameters of ceramica da fuoco pentole at Musarna, divided by period

Fig. 18. Photo of intact jug with patch of black soot on exterior belly.

Sooted jug

From Chapter 4

Fig. 18. Photograph of jug with blackening on exterior in location 2 (MUS 4886)

Fig. 19. Four stacked bar graphs comparing the diameters of bases in periods at Musarna. All the bars cluster in the same area, demonstrating the similar diameters across time

Diameters of ceramica da fuoco bases at Musarna

From Chapter 4

Fig. 19. Graph of diameters of ceramica da fuoco bases at Musarna, divided by period

Fig. 21. Photo of the underside of an intact vessel base. Soot covers the vessel exterior except the lower wall and base floor. A clear line is visible on the lower wall of the vessel where the soot begins.

Base of ceramica da fuoco

From Chapter 4

Fig. 21. Photograph of base with blackening on exterior in location 9 (MUS 2212)

Fig. 22. Three stacked bar graphs comparing the diameters of lids in periods at Musarna. All the bars cluster in the same area, demonstrating the similar diameters across time.

Diameters of ceramica da fuoco lids at Musarna

From Chapter 4

Fig. 22. Graph of diameters of ceramica da fuoco lids at Musarna, divided by period

Fig. 23. On the left is the exterior view of the lid where black soot rings the edge of its rim. On the right, we see the interior of the lid and soot is found around it rim and in a patch in the centre.

Photo of ceramic da fuoco lid from Musarna

From Chapter 4

Fig. 23. Photograph of lid with blackening on exterior in location 4 and on interior in 2 and 4 (MUS 4655)

Fig. 24. Four stacked bar graphs comparing the diameters of internal red-slip tegami rims in periods at Musarna. The bars cluster in the same area, demonstrating the similar diameters across time, but have a somewhat bimodal distribution.

Diameters of irs tegami rims at Musarna

From Chapter 4

Fig. 24. Graph of diameters of internal red-slip tegami at Musarna, divided by period

Fig. 25. Three stacked bar graphs comparing the diameters of internal red-slip bases in periods at Musarna. There are very few bars (thus few examples) and the sizes are broadly distributed.

Diameters of irs tegami bases at Musarna

From Chapter 4

Fig. 25. Graph of diameters of internal red-slip tegame base fragments at Musarna, divided by period

Fig. 26. Three stacked bar graphs comparing the diameters of internal red-slip pentola rims in periods at Musarna. There are only a few examples until the final period, when there are many.

Diameters of irs pentola rims at Musarna

From Chapter 4

Fig. 26. Graph of diameters of internal red-slip pentola rims at Musarna, divided by period

Fig. 27. On the left is the exterior view of the base of a tegame covered in black soot. Two long patches are much less sooted. On the right, we see the interior of the vessel, and soot is found around its rim but not elsewhere.

Photo of irs tegame blackened around cooking stand

From Chapter 4

Fig. 27. Photograph of internal red-slip tegame with blackening on exterior base and on interior in location 4. Patches of lighter blackening on exterior suggest cooking supports (MUS 4975).

Fig. 28. Three stacked bar graphs comparing the diameters of olle in periods at Populonia. All the bars cluster in the same area, demonstrating the similar diameters across time. The bars in the middle period are much higher, demonstrating that there are many more samples from this time.

Diameters of ceramica da fuoco olle at Populonia

From Chapter 4

Fig. 28. Graph of diameters of ceramica da fuoco olle at Populonia, divided by period

Fig. 29. Two stacked bar graphs comparing the diameters of pentole in periods at Populonia. All the bars cluster in the same area and have a wide spread, demonstrating the similar diameters across time.

Diameters of ceramica da fuoco pentole at Populonia

From Chapter 4

Fig. 29. Graph of diameters of ceramica da fuoco pentole at Populonia, divided by period

Fig. 30. Two stacked bar graphs comparing the diameters of lids in periods at Populonia. Both periods of bars have wide spreads, but the second period’s bars extend more towards the left, indicating a higher number of larger-diameter lids in the later period.

Diameters of ceramica da fuoco lids at Populonia

From Chapter 4

Fig. 30. Graph of diameters of ceramica da fuoco lids at Populonia, divided by period

Fig. 31. Photo of lid fragment that has a clear stripe of black soot along the edge of its rim.

Photo of lid blackened along its rim

From Chapter 4

Fig. 31. Photograph of lid with blackening on interior and exterior (not shown) in location 4 (POP 3529)

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