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  2. Foodways in Roman Republican Italy

Foodways in Roman Republican Italy

Laura M. Banducci 2021
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Foodways in Roman Republican Italy explores the production, preparation, and consumption of food and drink in Republican Italy to illuminate the nature of cultural change during this period. Traditionally, studies of the cultural effects of Roman contact and conquest have focused on observing changes in the public realm: that is, changing urban organization and landscape, and monumental construction. Foodways studies reach into the domestic realm: How do the daily behaviors of individuals express their personal identity, and How does this relate to changes and expressions of identity in broader society? Laura M. Banducci tracks through time the foodways of three sites in Etruria from about the third century BCE to the first century CE: Populonia, Musarna, and Cetamura del Chianti. All were established Etruscan sites that came under Roman political control over the course of the third and second centuries BCE. The book examines the morphology and use wear of ceramics used for cooking, preparing, and serving food in order to deduce cooking methods and the types of foods being prepared and consumed. Change in domestic behaviors was gradual and regionally varied, depending on local social and environmental conditions, shaping rather than responding to an explicitly "Roman" presence.
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ISBN(s)
  • 978-0-472-13230-0 (hardcover)
  • 978-0-472-12838-9 (ebook)
Subject
  • Archaeology
  • Classical Studies:Roman
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  • Table of Contents

  • Resources

  • Stats

  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Dedication
  • Contents
  • Acknowledgments
  • Introduction
  • Part 1
    • Chapter 1. Context
    • Chapter 2. Case Study Sites
  • Part 2
    • Chapter 3. Methodology
    • Chapter 4. Ceramics for Cooking
    • Chapter 5. Ceramics for Preparing and Serving Food
    • Chapter 6. Food Remains from the Environmental Record
  • Part 3
    • Chapter 7. Site Syntheses and Summaries
    • Chapter 8. Searching for Explanations
    • Conclusions
  • Appendixes
    • Appendix I: Note on Statistics
    • Appendix II: Rim Diameter as a Proxy for Vessel Volume
    • Appendix III: Sooting Experiments
  • Footnotes
  • Bibliography
  • Index

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Fig. 41. Bar graph comparing the quantities of different serving vessels at each site. Black-gloss bowls are the most numerous at Musarna and Populonia, followed at both sites by black-gloss plates. At Cetamura common-ware jugs are the most numerous, followed by black-gloss bowls.

Distribution of serving vessels types between the sites compared

From Chapter 5

Fig. 41. Distribution of different serving vessel forms in the whole serving assemblage at each site, including common ware, black gloss, and red gloss

Fig. 42. On the top there is one drawing of the shape of a bowl. On the bottom left is the drawing of a large basin with interior grit. On the lower right is a photograph of the grit inside this same vessel.

Drawings and photo of typical common ware bowls at Musarna

From Chapter 5

Fig. 42. Profile drawing of common ware bowls at Musarna. (1) A smaller “individual portion” bowl with a ring foot (MUS 2884); (2) a large basin or mortarium with pedestalling visible on its surface at 20x magnification (MUS 850)

Fig. 43. Three side-by-side photos of jugs reconstructed from fragments. In the left example, only the base and side wall are preserved. In the centre example, the base and handle are preserved but not the opposite wall. In the right example, the base, handle, rim, and opposite wall are largely preserved.

Reconstructed jugs from Musarna

From Chapter 5

Fig. 43. Examples of reconstructed common ware jugs at Musarna (MUS 2364, 5755, 4891)

Fig. 44. Four stacked bar graphs comparing the diameters of bowls in periods at Musarna. The bars mostly cluster in the same area on the left of the graph. There are far fewer examples in the last two periods.

Diameters of black gloss bowls at Musarna

From Chapter 5

Fig. 44. Graph of diameters of black gloss bowls at Musarna, divided by period

Fig. 45. Five stacked bar graphs comparing the diameters of plates in periods at Musarna. The bars mostly cluster in the same area on the right of the graph, but there are far more examples in the latest period and the examples cluster more to the right of the graph.

Diameters of black gloss plates at Musarna

From Chapter 5

Fig. 45. Graph of diameters of black gloss plates at Musarna, divided by period

Fig. 46. On the left, a photo of the interior of a nearly complete black-gloss bowl with scratches and wear visible in a concentric pattern. On the left, a profile drawing of this vessel.

Black gloss bowl interior abrasion, 1

From Chapter 5

Fig. 46. Black gloss bowl with concentric interior abrasion and worn central floor (MUS 3790)

Fig. 47. On the right there are two photos at 20x magnification showing the interior wall of a bowl whose slip is scratched through. On the left is a photo of the whole vessel interior.

Black gloss bowl interior abrasion, 2

From Chapter 5

Fig. 47. Black gloss bowl with concentric abrasion on interior base and walls, with views at 20x magnification (MUS 4647)

Fig. 48. On the left is a photo of the interior of a nearly complete black-gloss plate. On the upper right is a drawing of its profile. On the lower right is a zoomed-in view of its scratched central base.

Black gloss interior plate abrasion

From Chapter 5

Fig. 48. Photos and profile drawing of black gloss plate with interior linear abrasion, with image at 20x magnification (MUS 4976)

Fig. 49. Profile drawings of four groups of serving vessel forms from Populonia. We see examples of a common-ware olla, a commonware bowl, and black-gloss bowl and plate forms.

Diagrams of serving vessels at Populonia

From Chapter 5

Fig. 49. Profile drawing of typical common ware and black gloss forms at Populonia: (1) common ware olla, (2) common ware bowl, (3) black gloss bowls, (4) black gloss plates

Fig. 50. Three stacked bar graphs comparing the diameters of black-gloss bowls in periods at Populonia. All the bars mostly cluster in the same area towards the centre, but there are more examples by far in the middle period.

Diameters of black gloss bowls at Populonia

From Chapter 5

Fig. 50. Graph of diameters of black gloss bowls at Populonia, divided by period

Fig. 51. Three stacked bar graphs comparing the diameters of black-gloss plates in periods at Populonia. The bars mostly cluster in the same area towards the centre, but there are more examples by far in the middle period and very few in the final period.

Diameters of black gloss plates at Populonia

From Chapter 5

Fig. 51. Graph of diameters of black gloss plates at Populonia, divided by period

Fig. 52. On the right is a relatively complete black-gloss bowl heavily abraded on its interior central base and in a ring along its walls. On the left is a 20x magnified view of this abrasion.

Black gloss bowl from Populonia

From Chapter 5

Fig. 52. Black gloss bowl at regular and 20x magnification with central patch of slip abraded (POP 670)

Fig. 53. On the right is the interior view of a fragment of a black-gloss plate. On the left is a zoomed-in view of linear scratches in the slip on the plate.

Black gloss plate abrasion from Populonia

From Chapter 5

Fig. 53. Black gloss plate at regular view and at 20x magnification, with concentric, radial, and chordal scratches cutting through and compressing the slip (POP 3485)

Fig. 54. Profile drawings of five groups of serving-vessel forms from Cetamura. We see examples of common-ware bowls and jugs, black-gloss bowls and plate forms, and a red-gloss bowl.

Diagrams of serving vessels at Cetamura

From Chapter 5

Fig. 54. Profile drawings of typical common ware, black gloss, and red gloss forms at Cetamura del Chianti: (1) common ware bowls, (2) black gloss bowls, (3) common ware jugs, (4) black gloss plate, (5) red gloss bowl

Fig. 55. Four stacked bar graphs comparing the diameters of bowls in periods at Cetamura. The bars mostly cluster in the same area on the centre of the graph, however there are more larger examples in the latest period.

Diameters of common ware bowls at Cetamura

From Chapter 5

Fig. 55. Graph of diameters of common ware bowls at Cetamura, divided by period

Fig. 56. On the left is the exterior view of a commonware bowl with a patch of soot. On the right is the interior view of the same vessel with no blackening.

Common ware bowl from Cetamura

From Chapter 5

Fig. 56. Photograph of bowl in common ware (Cetamura Fabric 3) (CET 7880)

Fig. 57. Four stacked bar graphs comparing the diameters of bowls in periods at Cetamura. The bars cluster in the same area towards the left side of the graph, demonstrating their similar diameters in every period.

Diameters of common ware jugs at Cetamura

From Chapter 5

Fig. 57. Graph of diameters of common ware jugs at Cetamura, divided by period

Fig. 58. Three stacked bar graphs comparing the diameters of black-gloss bowls in periods at Cetamura. All the bars mostly cluster in the same area towards the left side, but there are more examples of larger vessels in the latest period.

Diameters of black gloss bowls at Cetamura

From Chapter 5

Fig. 58. Graph of diameters of black gloss bowls at Cetamura, divided by period

Fig. 59. On the left is the interior view of a fragment of black-gloss bowl. On the right is a view at 20x magnification showing a linear scratch in the slip.

Black gloss bowl abrasion at Cetamura, 1

From Chapter 5

Fig. 59. Black gloss bowl at regular and 20x magnification with concentric and chordal scratches cutting through the slip on the interior wall (CET 7097)

Fig. 60. Above are two views of the interior and exterior of a black-gloss bowl with pock marks in the slip and linear cuts in the slip on the interior. Below is a zoomed-in view of the interior of the vessel.

Black gloss bowl abrasion at Cetamura, 2

From Chapter 5

Fig. 60. Black gloss bowl with interior and exterior wear. The pocks are probably marks from postdepositional processes; the interior scratches and slip removed in a patch are probably from use (CET 7675)

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