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Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Microblade-based Industries in Northeastern Asia: A macroecological approach to foraging societies
Meng Zhang
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The rise and fall of microblade technology during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene is not only a part of the panorama of global microlithization, but also a key question linked to human adaptive change in the face of climate fluctuation. This monograph creatively uses Lewis Binford’s macroecological approach developed from his book Constructing Frames of Reference (2001) against both interglacial and glacial climate conditions, to provide an explanation of variation and change among late Pleistocene and early Holocene microblade-based industries in northeastern Asia. It uses six case studies to discuss two waves of cultural change linked with issues of the origin of microblade technology and the Palaeolithic to Neolithic transition. These cover the formation and convergence of microblade-based societies (MIS 3 to MIS 2), referring to case studies in Siberia and Northern China, and the development and ultimate divergence of microblade-based societies (MIS 2 to MIS 1), involving case studies in the Japanese Archipelago, Eastern Siberia, Northern China, and the Tibetan Plateau.
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Front Cover
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Title Page
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Copy Right Page
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Archaeology of East Asia
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Other Titles in the Archaeology of East Asia Subseries
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Of Related Interest
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Contents
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List of Figures
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List of Tables
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Foreword
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Preface
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1. Theoretical Background and Introduction to the Question
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1.1. Current Theories for the Study of Lithic Technology
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1.2. Toward a Paleosociological Research Strategy
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1.3. Microblade-based Industries in the Paleosociological Research
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1.4. Organization of the Monograph
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Part I: Setting the Stage: Microblade Technology and Microblade-based Societies
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2. An Overview of Microblade Technology
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2.1. Microblade Technology
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2.1.1. Forms of Microcores
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2.1.2. Methods of Microblade Production
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2.1.3. Microblade Technology as a Composite Technology
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2.2. Origin and Spread of Microblade Technology in the Northern Circum-Pacific
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2.3. Assessment of the Culture-Historical Approach
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2.4. Geography and Climates of NE Asia
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2.4.1. Geography of Contemporary NE Asia
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2.4.2. NE Asia during the Last Ice Age
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2.5. Summary
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3. Temporo-Spatial Framework of Microblade-basedSocieties in Northeastern Asia
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3.1. Microblade-based Societies
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3.2. Spatial Framework of Microblade-based Societies
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3.2.1. The “40 Degree North Latitude Phenomenon”
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3.2.2. The Four Regions of NE Asia
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3.3. Temporal Framework of Microblade-based societies
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3.3.1. Phase I
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3.3.2. Phase II
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3.3.3. Phase III
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3.3.4. Phase IV
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3.4. Two Waves of Cultural Change among Microblade-based Societies
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Part II: Building Frames of Reference
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4. The Macroecological Approach
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4.1. The Macroecological Approach: Theoretical Background
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4.1.1. What is the Macroecological Approach?
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4.1.2. Study of the Past Using Modeled Past Climate Data
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4.2. Cultural Changes among Microblade-basedSocieties
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4.2.1. Paleoclimate, Technological Organization, and Macroecology
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4.2.2. Cultural Changes among Microblade-based Societies: Research Questions
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4.2.3. The “Refugium Model”: A Starting Point to Study the First Wave of Cultural Change
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4.2.4. The Pleistocene-Holocene Transition: Investigation of the Second Wave of Cultural Change
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4.3. Construction of Input Files for Binford’s Frames of Reference from Existing Data Sources under Two Contrasting Climatic Co
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4.3.1. Modern Weather Station Data
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4.3.2. The Database for the Last Glacial Maximum
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4.3.3. Instructions for Running the EnvCalc2.1 Program
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5. Developing a Frame of Reference
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5.1. Key Variables
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5.2. Climate, Biomes, and Habitat
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5.2.1. Climate
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5.2.2. Biomes and Habitat
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5.3. Minimalist Terrestrial Model: Modelling A-Cultural Adaptation of Human Beings
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5.3.1. Population Densities
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5.3.2. Subsistence Specialization
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5.4. Modelling Density–Dependent Change in Hunter-Gatherer Subsistence
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5.4.1. Subsistence: Hunting, Gathering, or Fishing
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5.4.2. Projected Population Density
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5.4.3. Group Size and Social Organization
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5.4.4. Mobility
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5.5. Unpacked or Packed: A Growth Rate Model andDensity Controlled Subsistence
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5.5.1. Mapping Unpacked and Packed Subsistence Specialization
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5.5.2. Population Packing and Technological Change
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5.6. Lifeways of Hunter-Gatherers: Habitat and Diversity of Behavior
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5.6.1. Climate Change and its Impacts on Past Foraging Societies
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5.6.2. Vegetation Change
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5.6.3. Variables among Different Culture-Ecological Regions
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5.6.4. Summary
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Part III: Cultural Process Among Microblade-based Societies in Northeastern Asia I: Cultural Change during the Last Glacial Maximum
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6. High Latitudes of Northeastern Asia: Transbaikal and the PSHK
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6.1. Continuously Occupied or Abandoned?
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6.2. Assessment of the Previous Viewpoints
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6.3. A Macroecological Approach
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7. Edge of the Loess
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7.1. Local Origin or Exotic Technology: An Assessment of Previous Viewpoints
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7.2. A Macroecological Approach
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Part IV: Cultural Process among Microblade-based Societies in Northeastern Asia II: Cultural Change during the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition
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8. Rise of Jomon: From the Paleo-Honshu Island to the PSHK Peninsula
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8.1. The “Jomon Revolution”
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8.2. A Macroecological Approach
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9. Cultural Change in Eastern Siberia and Its Neighbors: The Rise of a Mesolithic Adaptation
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9.1. The Temporo-Spatial Framework of Archaeological Cultures in Eastern Siberia and Its Neighbors
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9.2. A Macroecological Approach
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10. Northern China: Food Production and Microblade-based Societies
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10.1. Archaeological Sites Associated with Microblade Technology in North China
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10.2. Early Intensification or Group Activity: A Study of Plant Use at the Shizitan Site
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10.3. Broad Spectrum Revolution and Intensification: A Study of Pleistocene-Holocene Transition
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10.4. The Demise of Microblade-based Societies: A Preliminary Study on Microblade Assemblages during Early Holocene
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11. A New Frontier: Microblade-based Societies on the Tibetan Plateau
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11.1. Paleolithic and Neolithic on the Tibetan Plateau
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11.2. A Macroecological Approach
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11.2.1. Sites of the Late Pleistocene
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11.2.2. Epipaleolithic Hunter-Gatherers
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11.2.3. Neolithic Agriculturalists
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11.2.4. A Tale of Two Models
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12. A New Starting Point for Further Research
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12.1. What Has Been Learned?
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12.2. Where to Go Next?
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12.2.1. The Regions Not Yet Analyzed
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12.2.2. Global Microlithization and Beyond
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12.2.3. The “Paleoarctic Tradition” and “The First Americans”
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12.2.4. The Forging-to-Farming Transition
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12.3. Unfinished to be Continued
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Appendix: Coordinates of the Principle Sites
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References Cited
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Back Cover
Citable Link
Published: 2021
Publisher: BAR Publishing
- 9781407358499 (ebook)
- 9781407358482 (paper)
BAR Number: S3056