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Statecraft and political economy on the Taiwan frontier, 1600-1800
John Robert Shepherd
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Frontmatter
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TABLES, MAPS, AND FIGURES (page xiii)
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DATES, MEASURES, AND USAGES (page xvii)
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1 Introduction: The Political Economy of the Taiwan Frontier (page 1)
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The Stage and Major Actors (page 6)
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Aborigine Land Rights (page 8)
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Overview (page 14)
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Limits and Goals of the Present Study (page 21)
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PART I: THE PLAINS ABORIGINES AND THE EARLIEST STAGES OF CHINESE PENETRATION (page 25)
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2 Aboriginal Taiwan in the Early Seventeenth Century (page 27)
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Prehistory (page 27)
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Aborigine Livelihoods (page 32)
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Aborigine Trade (page 35)
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Aborigine Population: The Puzzle of Village Size (page 38)
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3 The Dutch Era, 1624-1661 (page 47)
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The Expansion of Dutch Control over the Aborigines (page 51)
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The Spanish in the North and the Consolidation of Dutch Rule (page 56)
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Local Administration (page 60)
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Missionary Work in the Native Villages (page 62)
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Missionary Authority and the Company (page 68)
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Dutch Administration of the Aborigine Trade (page 73)
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The Transformation of Aborigine Agriculture (page 80)
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The Growth of the Chinese Colony (page 83)
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4 The Cheng Era, 1661-1683 (page 91)
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Cheng Ch'eng-kung's Conquest (page 91)
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The Cheng Administration (page 95)
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The Last Days of the Chengs (page 103)
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5 Taxation and Administration of the Aborigines in the Early Ch'ing (page 105)
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Establishing Ch'ing Rule (page 105)
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Ch'ing Taxation of the Aborigines (page 108)
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Ch'ing Taxation of the Feng-shan Eight (page 113)
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Abuse and Reform in Aborigine Tax Collection (page 114)
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Aborigine Corvee (page 123)
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Aborigine Revolts and Official Response (page 125)
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The Ta-chia-hsi Revolt of 1731-1732 (page 128)
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Reconstruction and the Reform of 1737 (page 132)
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PART II: CH'ING QUARANTINE POLICIES AND THE SPREAD OF HAN SETTLEMENT (page 135)
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6 Immigration and Han Settlement (page 137)
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Colonization Policy Debates (page 137)
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Restrictions on Immigration (page 142)
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The Chu I-kuei Rebellion (page 146)
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Immigration Policies After the Rebellion (page 148)
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Population Growth (page 154)
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The Emergence of a Rice and Sugar Export Economy (page 162)
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The Spread of Han Settlements and Markets (page 168)
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7 Ch'ing Administration of the Han (page 178)
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Taiwan as a Strategic Periphery (page 178)
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Boundaries and the Quarantine Policy on the Frontier (page 182)
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The Extension of the Military Presence (page 191)
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The Extension of the Civil Administration (page 198)
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Cultural Policy, Education, and Examinations (page 208)
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8 The Fiscal Administration of Taiwan (page 215)
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Taxation of the Han and the Structure of Local Finance (page 215)
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Frontier Land Reclamation (page 226)
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Changing Land-Tax Rates (page 230)
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PART III: ACCOMMODATION THROUGH THE FRONTIER LAND-TENURE SYSTEM (page 237)
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9 The Evolution of Aborigine Land Rights (page 239)
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Government Recognition of Tribal Land Claims (page 243)
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Policy and Practice on the K'ang-hsi Era Frontier (page 246)
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Paying the Tribal Tax in Exchange for Land (page 248)
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The Emergence of the Aborigine Large-Rent Model (page 252)
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Tribal Land Claims in the Yung-cheng Era (page 256)
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Boundary Policy and Practice in the Yung-cheng Era (page 261)
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Restricting Reclamation of Aborigine Land, 1737-1746 (page 267)
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Policy and Practice on the Frontier, 1747-1756 (page 274)
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The Shift to Accommodation, 1757-1761 (page 279)
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The Subprefecture for Aborigine Affairs, 1766 (page 284)
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Exempting Aborigine Lands from Taxation, 1767-1768 and 1788 (page 289)
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Maturation of the Aborigine Large-Rent System, 1768-1785 (page 294)
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Conclusions (page 301)
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10 Han Communal Strife and Aborigine Military Colonies (page 308)
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Immigrant Social Organization and Communal Strife (page 310)
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Prelude to Rebellion, 1782-1786 (page 319)
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The Role of Aborigines in the Lin Shuang-wen Campaigns (page 323)
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Government Policies to Contain Communal Strife (page 328)
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Fu-k'ang-an's Plan for Aborigine Military Colonies (page 332)
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Surveying and Distributing Lands Beyond the Boundary (page 337)
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Organizing the Colonies (page 345)
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Taiwan Pacified? (page 352)
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Nineteenth-Century Developments (page 357)
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11 The Transformation of Plains Aborigine Cultures (page 362)
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Economic Adaptations to the Declining Deer Trade (page 364)
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Civilization and Sinicization (page 370)
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Education Policy (page 372)
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Differential Sinicization (page 376)
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Kinship Change, Gender, and Intermarriage (page 383)
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Internal Stratification and Migration (page 388)
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12 Conclusion: Frontier Management, Land Tenure, and the Late Imperial State (page 395)
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China's Southern Frontiers (page 398)
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Northeast China (page 403)
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Strategy, Revenue, and Control Costs in Frontier Administration (page 408)
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APPENDIXES (page 411)
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A Village Sites of the Plains Aborigines (page 413)
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B Tax Quotas of the Plains Tribes (page 420)
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C Measures of Land and Grain (page 425)
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D Measures of Governmental Presence in Eighteenth-Century China (page 426)
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E Territorial Organization of the Aborigine Military Colonies (page 440)
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F Indians and Settlers in North America (page 443)
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REFERENCE MATTER (page 447)
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Notes (page 449)
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Bibliography (page 535)
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Character List (page 573)
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Index (page 577)
Citable Link
Published: 1993
Publisher: Stanford University Press
- 9780804720663 (hardcover)