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  2. Canoes: A Natural History in North America

Canoes: A Natural History in North America

Mark Neuzil and Norman Sims 2016
This is the story of the canoe, that singular American artifact so little changed over time. Featured here are canoes old and new, from birch bark to dugout to carbon fiber; the people who made them; and the adventures they shared. With features of technology, industry, art, and survival, the canoe carries us deep into the natural and cultural history of North America.

Follow author Mark Neuzil on Twitter: @mrneuzil

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ISBN(s)
  • 9780816681174 (hardcover)
Subject
  • Cultural Studies
  • History
  • Native American Studies
  • Literature
  • Regional Studies
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  • Introduction5
  • Chapter 1: Dugout Canoes14
  • Sidebar: Napolean Sanford5
  • Chapter 2: Birch-Bark Canoes28
  • Sidebar: Elm-Bark Canoes1
  • Sidebar: The Oldest Birch-Bark Canoe1
  • Chapter 3: The Fur Trade4
  • Sidebar: The Algonquin Fur Trade1
  • Chapter 4: All-Wood Canoes36
  • Sidebar: Jule Fox Marshall5
  • Chapter 5: Wood-and-Canvas Canoes36
  • Sidebar: Tom Seavey4
  • Sidebar: Canoe Sails1
  • Chapter 6: Synthetic Canoes19
  • Sidebar: Square-Stern Canoes3
  • Chapter 7: The Human-Powered Movement24
  • Sidebar: Paddles2
  • Sidebar: Canoe Packs1
  • Chapter 8: Canoe Tripping11
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  • construction27
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  • Stoddard, Seneca Ray5
  • Adney, Edwin Tappan3
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Canoeists paddling a Wenonah Kevlar canoe above a rapids in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area.

Shooting the Rapids

From Introduction

Canoeists paddling a Wenonah Kevlar canoe above a rapids in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area.

Canoeists in a birch-bark canoe near Steamboat Rock, Wisconsin Dells.

Steamboat Rock

From Introduction

Photograph by H. H. Bennett, canoeists in a birch-bark canoe near Steamboat Rock, Wisconsin Dells.

Sigurd Olson’s Border Lakes Outfitting Company supplied paddlers with the necessary gear during the 1940s. Here a canoe is retrieved from the company warehouse, April 4, 1940.

Border Lakes Outfitting Company

From Introduction

Sigurd Olson’s Border Lakes Outfitting Company, April 4, 1940.

Myron Nickerson, a former employee of J. Henry Rushton appears on the far right in this 1894 photograph. Nickerson’s livery on the Grasse River in Canton, New York, offered rentals of Adirondack guideboats, Rushton-style pleasure rowboats, small skiffs, and canoes. Nickerson holds a double-bladed canoe paddle in a boat that has also been fitted with non-feathering guideboat-style oars.

Myron Nickerson

From Introduction

Myron Nickerson, a former employee of J. Henry Rushton appears on the far right in this 1894 photograph.

Canoeing became a more popular pastime in the twentieth century after the establishment of several national parks throughout North America. Here, two paddlers are photographed in 1952 at Banff National Park in Alberta, Canada.

Two Paddlers at Banff National Park, Alberta

From Introduction

Two paddlers are photographed in 1952 at Banff National Park in Alberta, Canada. Photograph by Gar Lunney, National Film Board of Canada Collection, Library and Archives of Canada, R1196-14-7-E.

A black-and-white photograph of two people poling a dugout canoe on the Columbia River in 1900.

Log Canoe on the Columbia River

From Chapter 1: Dugout Canoes

Lee Moorhouse, Log canoe on the Columbia River, ca. 1900.

Dugout canoes are still used in daily life throughout the Americas. This contemporary dugout was photographed at Playa de San Mateo del Mar near Oaxaca, Mexico.

Contemporary Dugout at Playa de San Mateo del Mar

From Chapter 1: Dugout Canoes

Contemporary dugout photographed at Playa de San Mateo del Mar near Oaxaca, Mexico.

A dugout next to an oyster house on the water near New Haven, Connecticut, 1872.

Oyster Dugouts

From Chapter 1: Dugout Canoes

The oyster industry of the East Coast relied on dugout canoes to navigate the rivers of Connecticut during the nineteenth century. This photograph dates to 1872 and depicts a dugout next to an oyster house near New Haven.

Archeologists Melissa Memory, Donna, Ruhl, and Ray McGee examine a dugout canoe found during a drought in 2000 at Newnans Lake, Florida. The canoe is one of the longest and better-preserved dugouts from the lakebed. More than 100 dugouts were discovered ranging in age from 500 to 5,000 years old. Photograph by Jeff Gage/Florida Museum of Natural History.

Newnans Lake Dig

From Chapter 1: Dugout Canoes

Archeologists examine a dugout canoe found during a drought in 2000 at Newnans Lake, Florida.

A black-and-white photograph of six dugout canoes of various sizes along a beach at Songhees Reserve.

Dugout Canoes on the Beach at Songhees Reserve

From Chapter 1: Dugout Canoes

Dugout canoes line the beach at Songhees Reserve in Victoria, British Columbia, 1868.

A black-and-white photograph of a family of three in a dugout canoe: two adults and one small child. One of the adults is throwing a double pronged sealing spear into the water.

Kwakiutl Family

From Chapter 1: Dugout Canoes

A Kwakiutl family navigating the waters of Quatsino Sound.

A black-and-white photograph of a dugout canoe. Logs and structures are in the background.

Haida Dugout in Kasaan

From Chapter 1: Dugout Canoes

British botanist and ethnographer Charles F. Newcombe photographed this newly hewn Haida dugout canoe at the village of Kasaan, Alaska, along the Northwest Coast, c. 1900.

A color photograph of three decorated dugout canoes on a rocky beach.

Three Cedar Canoes at Skidegate

From Chapter 1: Dugout Canoes

Three cedar canoes on the beach at Skidegate.

A black-and-white photograph of two men working to make dugout canoes. Each man is working on a separate canoe and two other canoes are in the background to the side.

Four Canoes Cut from One Cedar Log

From Chapter 1: Dugout Canoes

Old-growth cedar trees are immense and can provide the materials for several boats. In this photograph, four different canoes are being hewn from one red cedar log at Olympic Loop, Queets River, Washington. Photograph by Dale O. Northrup, c. 1930.

A black-and-white photograph of Bill Reid and several other people using steam to spread the sides of a hollowed dugout canoe.

Bill Reid and Associates Creating a Dugout Canoe, 1985

From Chapter 1: Dugout Canoes

Bill Reid and Associates Creating a Dugout Canoe, 1985.

A color photograph of a painted dugout canoe.

Haisla Dugout Canoe

From Chapter 1: Dugout Canoes

Haisla dugout canoe carved and painted by David Shaw in 1934, overpainted by Bill Reid in 1967.

A black-and-white of a figure paddling a dugout canoe.

Into the Shadow

From Chapter 1: Dugout Canoes

Edward S. Curtis, Into the Shadow, 1910. Clayoquot Sound, British Columbia.

A black and white photograph of five indigenous men and women standing in or around a long dugout canoe. Written text in white on the bottom of the photograph reads, "Indian Family near Chimacum Creek, Wash."

Hicks Family of the Clallam Tribe

From Chapter 1: Dugout Canoes

Photograph of the Hicks family of the Clallam tribe posing with a canoe near Chimacum Creek, Washington, ca. 1914.

A black and white photograph of two men and one barefoot child standing beside a long dugout canoe. The unifinished canoe is held up by a wooden structure.

Natives Making Canoe from Tree Trunk

From Chapter 1: Dugout Canoes

Natives making canoe from tree trunk at Mission ca. 1900. Photograph by Alexander McLean.

A color photograph of Napolean Sanford.

Napolean Sanford

From Sidebar: Napolean Sanford

Napolean Sanford

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