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  2. Canoes: A Natural History in North America

Canoes: A Natural History in North America

Mark Neuzil and Norman Sims 2016
This is the story of the canoe, that singular American artifact so little changed over time. Featured here are canoes old and new, from birch bark to dugout to carbon fiber; the people who made them; and the adventures they shared. With features of technology, industry, art, and survival, the canoe carries us deep into the natural and cultural history of North America.

Follow author Mark Neuzil on Twitter: @mrneuzil

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ISBN(s)
  • 9780816681174 (hardcover)
Subject
  • Literature
  • Native American Studies
  • Regional Studies
  • Cultural Studies
  • History
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  • Foreword1
  • Introduction2
  • Chapter 1: Dugout Canoes3
  • Chapter 2: Birch-Bark Canoes4
  • Chapter 3: The Fur Trade11
  • Sidebar: The Algonquin Fur Trade1
  • Sidebar: Frances Anne Hopkins1
  • Chapter 4: All-Wood Canoes1
  • Chapter 5: Wood-and-Canvas Canoes1
  • Chapter 6: Synthetic Canoes1
  • Chapter 7: The Human-Powered Movement1
  • Chapter 8: Canoe Tripping3
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A watercolor painting of two people paddling through rapids in a birch-bark canoe.

Canoe in Rapids

From Foreword

Winslow Homer, Canoe in Rapids, 1897. Watercolor over graphite on off-white wove paper, 35.4 × 53.3 cm (13 15/16 × 21 in).

An oil painting of four canoes traveling past Picture Rock.

Picture Rock at Crooked Lake (Return of the Voyageur)

From Introduction

Francis Lee Jaques, Picture Rock at Crooked Lake (Return of the Voyageur), 1947. Oil on canvas, 83.8 x 106.6 cm.

An oil painting of a figure portaging a canoe.

Crossing the Shallows, Snake River

From Introduction

Mark Hamel, Crossing the Shallows, Snake River, 2014. Oil on mounted linen, 40.64 × 50.8 cm.

This drawing by John White dates between 1585 and 1593, and was probably intended to display a bounteous scene to encourage English colonists. Inscribed “The manner of their fishing.” The Algonquin of North Carolina used dugout canoes to harvest fish from February to May. The word “cannow” is written on the hull of the boat.

The Manner of Their Fishing

From Chapter 1: Dugout Canoes

Drawing by John White (~1585–1593), inscribed The manner of their fishing and A Cannow.

John Webber, Tereoboo, King of Owyhee, bringing presents to Capt. Cook, c. 1773-1784. This watercolor depicts the distinctive “crab-claw” sail of the Owyhee (now Hawai’i) island double hull canoes. Artist John Webber traveled with Captain James Cook’s third voyage to the Pacific in 1776-1780.

Tereoboo, King of Owyhee, bringing presents to Capt. Cook

From Chapter 1: Dugout Canoes

John Webber, Tereoboo, King of Owyhee, bringing presents to Capt. Cook.

A watercolor painting of a painted dugout canoe on a beach.

Sacred Escort

From Chapter 1: Dugout Canoes

Graham Herbert (Hornby Island, British Columbia), Sacred Escort, 1994. Watercolor on paper, 36.83 x 52.07 cm.

An oil painting of Cartier and crew on canoes in the water; larger ships are in the background.

Jacques Cartier Discovering the St. Lawrence River

From Chapter 2: Birch-Bark Canoes

Jean Antoine Theodore Gudin, Jacques Cartier Discovering the St. Lawrence River, 1847. Oil on canvas, 142 x 266 cm.

An oil painting of two canoes in the water near a small waterfall. Several other canoes are being portaged up a hill and around the waterfall behind them.

White Mud Portage, Saulteaux

From Chapter 2: Birch-Bark Canoes

Paul Kane, White Mud Portage, Saulteaux, ca. 1776–1780.

A painting of about eight figures (some babies or children) paddling a canoe.

Canoe of the Indians

From Chapter 2: Birch-Bark Canoes

Eastman Johnson, Canoe of the Indians, ca. 1856–1857.

An oil painting of three figures collecting wild rice in a birch-bark canoe. Additional canoes and rice collectors are in the background.

Rice Gatherers

From Chapter 2: Birch-Bark Canoes

Seth Eastman, Rice Gatherers, 1867.

A painting of dozens of canoes and figures approaching a portage.

The Red River Expedition at Kakabeka Falls

From Chapter 3: The Fur Trade

Frances Anne Hopkins, The Red River Expedition at Kakabeka Falls, 1877.

A painting of Samuel de Champlain.

Samuel de Champlain

From Chapter 3: The Fur Trade

Théophile Hamel, Portrait de Samuel de Champlain, 1870. Oil on canvas, 66 x 86 cm.

A painting depicting Champlain's arrival. A large ship greeted by several canoes.

The Arrival of Champlain at Quebec

From Chapter 3: The Fur Trade

George Agnew Reid, The Arrival of Champlain at Quebec, 1909. Pastel on wove paper, 62 × 43 cm.

A color portrait of Louis, XIV wearing fur.

Portrait of Louis, XIV

From Chapter 3: The Fur Trade

After Hyacinthe Rigaud, Portrait of Louis, XIV, after 1701.

An oil painting of a group of voyageurs traveling at night in a birch-bark canoe.

The Voyageur

From Chapter 3: The Fur Trade

Arthur Heming, The Voyageur, 1915. Oil on canvas, 76.7 × 102.2 cm.

An oil painting of a voyageur wearing a red hat and smoking a pipe.

The Voyageur

From Chapter 3: The Fur Trade

Abby Fuller Abbe, The Voyageur, ca. 1860.

An oil painting of several people paddling a birch-bark canoe through water with trees in the background.

Radisson and Groseilliers

From Chapter 3: The Fur Trade

Frederic Remington, Radisson and Groseilliers, 1905. Oil on canvas, 110.2 x 194.3 cm.

An oil painting of two fur traders and an animal in a canoe.

Fur Traders Descending the Missouri

From Chapter 3: The Fur Trade

George Caleb Bingham, Fur Traders Descending the Missouri, 1845. Oil on canvas, 73.7 × 92.7 cm.

An oil painting of a canoe and going through rapids.

Chief Trader Archibald McDonald Descending the Fraser, 1828

From Chapter 3: The Fur Trade

Adam Sherriff Scott, Chief Trader Archibald McDonald Descending the Fraser, 1828, ca. 1942. 81.28 x 63.5 cm.

A painting of a canoe being portaged up a rocky hill.

The Mountain Portage

From Chapter 3: The Fur Trade

Paul Kane, The Mountain Portage, 1849–56. Oil on canvas, 64 × 51 cm.

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