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  2. The Era of Great Disasters: Japan and Its Three Major Earthquakes

The Era of Great Disasters: Japan and Its Three Major Earthquakes

Makoto Iokibe; Translated by Tony Gonzalez 2020
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The Era of Great Disasters examines modern disaster response in Japan, from the changing earthquake preparations and regulations, to immediate emergency procedures from the national, prefectural, and city levels, and finally the evolving efforts of rebuilding and preparing for the next great disaster in the hopes of minimizing their tragic effects. This book focuses on three major earthquakes from Japan's modern history. The first is the 1923 Great Kantō Earthquake, which struck the capital region. The second is the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, affecting the area between Kobe and Osaka. The third is the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, the magnitude 9.0 quake that struck off the Pacific coast of the Tōhoku region, causing a devastating tsunami and nuclear accident. While the events of (and around) each of these earthquakes are unique, Professor Iokibe brings his deep expertise and personal experience to each disaster, unveiling not only the disasters themselves but the humanity underneath. In each case, he gives attention and gratitude to those who labored to save lives and restore the communities affected, from the individuals on the scene to government officials and military personnel and emergency responders, in the hope that we might learn from the past and move forward with greater wisdom, knowledge, and common purpose.
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Series
  • Michigan Monograph Series in Japanese Studies
ISBN(s)
  • 978-0-472-05467-1 (paper)
  • 978-0-472-12725-2 (ebook)
  • 978-0-472-07467-9 (hardcover)
Subject
  • History:Asian and Southeast Asian History
  • Asian Studies:Japan
  • Cultural Studies
  • Nature/Environment
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  • Table of Contents

  • Resources

  • Stats

  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • Preface to the English Edition
  • Foreword
  • Introduction
  • One. The Great Kantō Earthquake
  • Two. The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
  • Three. The Great East Japan Earthquake (1)
  • Four. The Great East Japan Earthquake (2)
  • Five. Living in an Age of Seismic Activity
  • Afterword
  • Notes
  • References
  • Index

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Four firefighters stand in the street, a short distance away from a fire in a small lot, two watching the fire and two looking at each other. Three houses flank the fire.

Correlation between disaster strength and frequency (countermeasures)

From Chapter 2

Figure 2.1. Correlation between disaster strength and frequency (countermeasures)

An overhead view of an athletics stadium, with bleacher seating on the far side and track surrounding the field. A double-propeller helicopter is near the middle of the field and a smaller helicopter is located towards one end. Trucks and cars are parked on the track, from the far side spreading clockwise almost halfway.

Firefighters await in vain for water

From Chapter 2

Figure 2.2. Firefighters unable to conduct firefighting activities as they wait in vain for water to arrive (January 17, 1995)

A scan of a Japanese newspaper page. A photograph of a cityscape is located in the top left of the page and a geometric map of is below it.

SDF vehicles and helicopters gathering at Ōji stadium

From Chapter 2

Figure 2.3. SDF vehicles and helicopters gathering at Ōji Stadium (January 18, 1995)

A black and white photo of a conference gathering, with five men seated at a long table with paperwork, nameplates, and drinking glasses in front of them. Several men sit behind them, along the wall with windows and long curtains.

Reporting the possibility of a major earthquake

From Chapter 2

Figure 2.4. The front-page story of a local newspaper reporting the possibility of a major earthquake (© June 26, 1974, evening edition of the Kobe Shimbun)

A high overhead photo of seven columns of houses under construction, set between two four-lane streets. There are twelve rows of houses, with a small road dividing the sites in half. There is a bridge in the distance, leading towards a city.

The Emergency Response Headquarters

From Chapter 2

Figure 2.5. (From left) Cabinet Minister Ozato Sadatoshi (special minister in charge of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake), Prime Minister Murayama Tomiichi, Chief Cabinet Secretary Igarashi Kōzō, and Construction Minister Nosaka Kōken at work. The Emergency Response Headquarters in the prime minister’s office (January 21, 1995)

A black and white photo of similar rectangular housing units, laid out between two paved roads in two seven-by-six groups. In the distance, more of the city is visible as well as water and a bridge.

Temporary housing under construction at Kobe Port Island

From Chapter 2

Figure 2.6. Temporary housing under construction at Kobe Port Island (March 1995)

A black and white map of the area affected by the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. Thick black lines indicate the active fault lines, with a shaded gray area indicating the area of heavy destruction. A smaller map is included in the upper left, providing a vertical slice image of the geography around the fault and earthquake.

Fault ruptures causing the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake

From Chapter 2

Map 2.1. Fault ruptures causing the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake (A, B, C) and the “Belt of Destruction” in which intensity VII earthquakes occurred

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