Frequency of Use of the Term “Lumpenproletariat” in the English Language, 1840-2008
From Chapter 1 and Introduction
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From Chapter 1 and Introduction
Figure 1. Frequency of use of the term lumpenproletariat in the English language, 1840–2008. Note: Figure 1 is a Google Books Ngram, which visually and empirically illustrates how frequently the term lumpenproletariat appears in English-language books compared to other terms. The term shows a notable upsurge in usage during the 1960s and 1970s.
From Chapter 1 and Introduction
Figure 2. Frequency of use of the term lumpenproletariat in the German language, 1820–2008. Note: Figure 2 is a Google Books Ngram, which visually illustrates how frequently the term lumpenproletariat appears in German-language books compared to other terms. The term shows a notable upsurge in usage during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.
From Introduction
Figure 3. Comparative use of the terms lumpenproletariat and underclass in the English language, 1840–2008. Note: Figure 1 is a Google Books Ngram, which visually illustrates how frequently the term lumpenproletariat appears in English-language books compared to other terms. The term shows a notable upsurge in usage during the 1960s and 1970s, but it is replaced by the term underclass in the 1980s. A Google Ngram of the same two terms in German (not included here) reveals a similar pattern.