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  1. Home
  2. Gabii Project Reports
  3. A Cemetery and Quarry from Imperial Gabii

A Cemetery and Quarry from Imperial Gabii

Laura M. Banducci and Anna Gallone (Editors)

Rachel Opitz, Tyler Duane Johnson, and Matthew Naglak (Digital design and content); Francesca Alhaique, Laura M. Banducci, Nicholas Cullen, Jason Farr, Anna Gallone, Giordano Iacomelli, Kristina Killgrove, Tyler Duane Johnson, Andrew C. Johnston, Claudia M. Melisch, Laura Motta, Matthew Naglak, Shannon Ness, Jessica Nowlin, Rachel Opitz, Giulia Peresso, Sabrina Ross, Arianna Zapelloni Pavia (Chapter authors); Laura M. Banducci, Christina Cha, Sophie Crawford-Brown, Kathryn Hojczyk, Lora Holland Goldthwaite, Emily Lime, Caroline Nemechek, Sarah Norvell, Zoe Ortiz, Emma Petersen, Brittany Proffitt, J. Troy Samuels, Emily B. Sharp, Amy Welch (Special finds entry authors); Sheira Cohen and Parrish Wright (Database editors)
2021 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license © University of Michigan Press Excavations, research, and publication at Gabii were supported by the University of Michigan, the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology, the National Endowment for the Humanities, FIAT Chrysler Automobiles, the National Geographic Society, the Loeb Classical Library Foundation, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the University of Michigan's Humanities Collaboratory, Ann and Clayton Wilhite, and several private donors.
Open Access Open Access
Since 2009, the Gabii Project, an international archaeological initiative led by Nicola Terrenato and the University of Michigan, has been investigating the ancient Latin town of Gabii, which was both a neighbor of, and a rival to, Rome in the first millennium BC. The story of Gabii, like that of many ancient cities, is one of growth, transformation, and diminishment. In this volume, editors Laura M. Banducci and Anna Gallone highlight the close but sometimes tense relationship between where people live, work, trade, and bury their dead. We learn that, contrary to what you may have read elsewhere about the Roman world, the distinction between spaces of the living and spaces of the dead was not so clear-cut. Areas considered to be “within the city,” or what “being in the city” implied shifted in the minds of the locals as their priorities and needs changed.
​
Assembled in an innovative digital format, the story of the site is presented three times in a “layered” structure: the first, titled “The Story,” explains the narrative of the excavation area in a simple chronological way. The second layer, “More,” contains the explanation of the phasing and the features of the site and their interpretation. The third layer contains the stratigraphic description and the technical reports on specialist materials. The volume is beautifully illustrated with traditional photographs and drawings, as well as an interactive 3D model based on photogrammetric models produced at the time of excavation. The 3D model is linked throughout the text by individual stratigraphic unit numbers and archaeological features. A series of interactive maps of the site, including GIS line-drawings and orthorectified aerial photographs, provide further spatial details.
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  • EPUB (49.1 MB)
Series
  • Gabii Project Reports
ISBN(s)
  • 978-0-472-99906-4 (open access)
Subject
  • Classical Studies
  • Archaeology
Citable Link

  • Table of Contents

  • Resources

  • 3-D Model

  • Database

  • About

  • Cover
  • Half Title
  • Title
  • Copyright
  • Dedication
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • Introduction to This Volume
  • The Story (L.M. Banducci and A. Gallone)
    • Gabii Begins: Huts and Infant Burials
    • The Archaic Structure
    • The Republican Structure and Reorganization of the Town/Street Grid
    • The Cemetery and the Quarries at Gabii
  • Methodology
    • Overview (L.M. Banducci, A. Gallone, R. Opitz)
      • Site Condition and Preservation
      • Phasing and Publishing the Sequence
    • Data Presentation in This Volume (R. Opitz)
      • Limitations Imposed by the Record
      • Digital Design Choices
        • 2D Interactive Maps (M. Naglak)
        • 3D Interface Changes and Challenges for Integrating across Volumes (T.D. Johnson and R. Opitz)
    • Sampling and Sampling Experiments for Area A and Late Area B Materials (R. Opitz)
      • Artifacts and Ecofacts
      • Sampling Experiments
  • More
    • Introduction (A. Gallone and L.M. Banducci)
    • The Early Iron Age and the Orientalizing Period: Phases A-0a and A-0b (A. Gallone and L.M. Banducci)
      • Funerary Ritual in Iron Age Infant Burials from Area A at Gabii (J. Nowlin)
    • The Archaic Period: Phase A-1 (A. Gallone and L.M. Banducci)
    • The Archaic to Early Republican Transition and the Republican Evidence: Phase A-2 (A. Gallone and L.M. Banducci)
      • The Road of Area A/B (A.C. Johnston)
      • Entering the Middle and Late Republican Periods (A. Gallone and L.M. Banducci)
    • The Early Imperial Period: Phase AB-3 (L.M. Banducci and A. Gallone)
    • Quarrying within the City Block: Phase AB-4 (L.M. Banducci and A. Gallone)
      • The Quarry (J. Farr)
    • The Area B Necropolis: Phase AB-4 (L.M. Banducci and A. Gallone)
      • Layout and Orientation
      • Tomb Construction and Coverings
      • The Population
      • Three Imperial Burials Featuring Lead (A. Gallone)
      • Intramural Burial in the Region of Rome’s Suburbium (L.M Banducci and R. Opitz)
  • Details
    • Stratigraphic Analysis (A. Gallone, L.M. Banducci, C.M. Melisch, A. Zapelloni Pavia, G. Peresso, and R. Opitz)
      • Phase A-0
      • Phase A-1
      • Phase A-2
      • Phase AB-3
      • Phase AB-4
    • Sampling Strategy for C14 Dating of Tombs from the Imperial Necropolis (L.M. Banducci)
    • Ceramics from Areas A and B (L.M. Banducci)
      • The Approach
      • Ceramics from Area A
      • Ceramics from Area B (G. Iacomelli)
    • Notable Objects from Areas A and B (L.M. Banducci)
      • General Methods of Recovery and Study
      • Common Object Types and Trends
    • Coins from Areas A and B (S. Ness)
      • Recovery and Recording
      • Coins in Context
    • The Area A Iron Age Infant Burials: Excavation and Documentation (J. Nowlin)
      • Excavation Method
    • Osteology of the Two Infants from Area A (K. Killgrove)
    • The Lead “Sarcophagus”: Recovery, Analysis, and Conservation (A. Gallone)
    • Ecofacts (L. Motta)
      • The Approach
      • Zooarchaeological Remains from Area A (F. Alhaique)
      • Archaeobotanical Macroremains from Area A (L. Motta, N. Cullen, S. Ross)
    • Osteology of the Imperial Tombs from Gabii (K. Killgrove)
      • Methodology and Data Collected
      • Demographics
      • Pathology
      • Ongoing Work
      • Discussion
  • Conclusion (L.M. Banducci and A. Gallone)
  • Bibliography
  • Acknowledgments

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  • Story8
  • More19
  • Methodology Overview3
  • Details1
  • Funerary Rituals Iron Age6
  • The Road AB2
  • The Quarry8
  • Three Burials Lead5
  • Details - Stratigraphic analysis11
  • Ceramics A13
  • Ceramics B14
  • Notable objects1
  • Coins2
  • Area A Iron Age3
  • The lead "sarcophagus"5
  • Zooarchaeology27
  • Archaeobotanical12
  • Osteology Imperial11
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Aerial view of the site of Gabii

From Story

Figure 1. Aerial view of the Castiglione crater and the site of Gabii. The Gabii Project excavation area is in the lower right.

Aerial view of Area A

From Story and More

Figure 2. Aerial view of Area A: channels and holes of various shapes are visible in the bedrock, as are the diagonal scrapes from plowing (north is oriented to the left)

Aerial view of Area A/B city block

From Story

Figure 3. Aerial view of Area A/B city block with quarry filled with debris along the right side (north is oriented up).

Excavation of one of the tombs of Area B

From Story

Figure 4. Excavation of one of the tombs of the Area B necropolis

Tomb 22

From Story

Figure 5. One of the tombs (Tomb 22) with a collapsed pitched-roof tile covering ("a cappuccina")

Document File Icon

Unphased stratigraphic units from Area A

From Methodology Overview

Table 1. Unphased SUs from Area A

Location Map Icon

Interactive map showing phasing of Area A/B

From Story, Methodology Overview, and Details

Figure 6. Interactive map of the excavation of Area A and B at Gabii.

Location Map Icon

Interactive site map of Gabii

From Story and Methodology Overview

Figure 7. Interactive map offering a general overview of the excavations at Gabii (2008-2018)

Aerial view of the Area A/B city block

From More

Figure 8. Aerial view of the Area A/B city block (north is oriented to the right)

Map Phase A-0

From More

Figure 9. Feature Map Phase A-0: the huts

Tomb 10

From More

Figure 10. Tomb 10 during its excavation

Posthole (SU 429)

From More

Figure 11. One of the cuts interpreted as a posthole (SU 429)

Location Iron Age infant burials

From Funerary Rituals Iron Age

Figure 12. General view of Area with location of Iron Age infant burials (after Becker-Nowlin 2011)

Map of Tomb 10

From Funerary Rituals Iron Age

Figure 13. Map of Tomb 10 (after Becker and Nowlin 2011)

Bronzes from Tomb 10

From Funerary Rituals Iron Age

Figure 14. Gravegoods from Tomb 10: the bronzes (after Becker and Nowlin 2011)

Vessels from Tomb 10

From Funerary Rituals Iron Age

Figure 15. Gravegoods from Tomb 10: the ceramic vessels

Map of Tomb 11

From Funerary Rituals Iron Age

Figure 16. Map of Tomb 11 (after Becker and Nowlin 2011)

Gravegoods from Tomb 11

From Funerary Rituals Iron Age

Figure 17. Gravegoods from Tomb 11

Map Phase A-1

From More

Figure 18. Feature Map Phase A-1: the road and the channels

Aerial view of Area A/B city block

From Story and More

Figure 19. Channels of Phase A-1 (north is oriented to the left)

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To view a textual reference for this feature in the publication, please use the following permalink (will open in a new window):

Click to open external database

About

Acknowledgements

Thank you to our financial sponsors:

FIAT Chrysler Automobiles University of Michigan Humanities Collaboratory University of Michigan Kelsey Museum of Archaeology Loeb Classical Library Foundation National Geographnic Society National Endowment for the Humanities University of Michigan
  • Ann and Clayton Wilhite
  • And private anonymous donors

Excavations and study were completed thanks to:

Ministero per i ben e le attivita culturali e per il turismo

See our complete Acknowledgments

Help: Technology, Accessibility, and Browser Compatibility

The Unity 3D platform used to host the 3D content for this volume is built on WebGL and is not compatible with some browsers and mobile devices. To access the 3D model, we recommend using a desktop or laptop computer and a modern web browser (Chrome 57+, Firefox 52+, Safari 11+, Edge 16+, Opera 44+, more details). Unity’s documentation maintains a list of compatible browsers and graphics cards, and there is additional help available for getting WebGL content working with your web browser. To access database records linked in the 3D model, your browser must allow pop-ups (Chrome | Firefox | Safari | Opera).

If you do not wish to interact with the 3D model, or cannot use it, you may interact with the publication in Accessibility Mode. To enter Accessibility Mode, click the gear icon in the right corner of the e-reader, set Accessibility Mode to "on", and save your changes.

3D Model

The interactive content found in the 3D model serves as a visual reference for the narrative text. It contains 3D models of the site’s individual stratigraphic units, schematic reconstructions of key features, descriptive data, and direct links to entries from the project’s online database. Interaction with this content is essential to the way this publication communicates our interpretation of the cemetery and the quarry. Reconstructions and phase groupings, the toggles for which are accessed by undocking the menu at the left of the 3D interface, illustrate our understanding of the structure’s evolution. Links in the main text of the volume will guide you through a structured exploration of the house’s stratigraphy and the reconstructions developed by our team. Readers are encouraged both to follow the narrative laid out in the text and to explore the 3D content freely. Investigation into the data behind the interpretations and reconstructions is supported by access to the project’s database.

Within the 3D model viewer, you may move your mouse cursor over any icon to reveal its function. There are two viewing modes, “orbit view” and “explore on foot.” In “orbit view,” you may zoom in and out using the zoom bar on the right-hand side of the viewer. Clicking and dragging the left mouse button and dragging will move the camera. In “explore on foot” mode, the arrow keys or WASD keys control movement, and holding down the middle mouse button allows you to zoom in for a closer view of features.

Within the 3D model, trowel icons are associated with each stratigraphic unit and grave icons are associated with each tomb. Hovering over the trowel or grave icons icon will cause the outline of the associated feature to glow red. Clicking on any trowel or grave icon will pull up a window with basic information on the feature. The information presentation here uses the system of symbols described in the introduction to this volume. For graves, clicking on the “view 3D model” button will open a special viewer allowing you to peel back each layer of the tomb and providing some additional information. The “view database entry” button in stratigraphic unit and tomb windows provides a link to the database entry for the relevant feature. The trowel and grave icons in the model appear as you move closer to them, and disappear again as you move away.

The 3D content for this volume is designed for a laptop or desktop device. Using smaller mobile devices may result in unexpected behavior and changes in layout.

Feedback

While the content for A Cemetery and Quarry from Imperial Gabii is finalized, the platform University of Michigan Press has developed to host this online publication will continue to be developed. In order to improve the user experience around this publication and others like it, we would appreciate your feedback, comments, or identified software bugs. Please fill out this form or send an e-mail to umpress-gabii@umich.edu. If you are experiencing issues with access to this publication, please e-mail mpub-help@umich.edu.


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