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Rochelongue Shipwreck: Maritime network and cultural interaction in West Languedoc, France during 7th-6th B.C.
Enrique Aragón-Núñez
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The Rochelongue site has yielded a remarkable assembly of mostly metallic objects from both local and foreign provenances. This allows for an investigation into the connectivity in the western Mediterranean through the lens of regional and long-distance maritime trade networks.This research uses an interdisciplinary approach to the archaeological metals assemblage - combining geographic, material culture, and network science - in order to make a more definitive interpretation of the site and its broader effect on maritime connectivity. The investigation utilises a novel approach by conceptualising the site as a more generic ‘contact site’ (representative of a contact zone), instead of remaining mired in old debates over shipwreck versus ritual deposit. Results based on the interdisciplinary analysis allow for a discussion regarding the inter-regional phenomenon in the Catalonia-Languedoc area. This highlights the role of Indigenous populations in a long-distance trading context, stimulated by sea connectivity.The Rochelongue shipwreck evidences a trans-Mediterranean network of varying intensities, which largely determines the levels of impact on the connected cultures from Iberian Peninsula to Central Mediterranean Sea.
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Cover
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Title page
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Copyright page
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Subseries page
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Titles in the Cultural Studies in Maritime and Underwater Archaeology Subseries
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Of Related Interest
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Acknowledgements
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Contents
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List of figures
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List of tables
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Foreword
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1. An Introduction to Rochelongue Shipwreck
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1.1 Introduction
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1.2 Significance
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1.3 Research purpose
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1.3.1 Research Questions
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1.3.2 Aims
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Archaeological context
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Provenance
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Network Analysis
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1.4 The Mediterranean context
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1.5 The connected past: mobility, migration and connectivity
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1.6 Conclusions
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2. Background: The Late Bronze and
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2.1 The geographical area of study
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2.2 Chronology of the Late Bronze–to-Early Iron Age Transition (ninth–seventh centuries B.C.)
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2.3 The local actors
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2.3.1 Social, cultural and political landscape (LBA–EIA transition)
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2.3.2 Launac and the Launacien.
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2.4 The external actors
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2.4.1 The Metal as motivation.
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2.4.2 Phoenicians.
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The Phoenicians expansion when / where.
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2.4.3 Greeks
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The Greek diaspora.
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Phithecousa (Ischia), Tyrrhenian sea and Sicily (Gela, Selinunte).
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Euboeans in the Southern France?
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The Age of Emporias. Phocaean in the West.
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2.4.4 Etruscans
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2.5 Conclusion.
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3. Research Background—Rochelongue and the Launacien
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3.1 Introduction
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3.2 The site
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3.2.1 Rochelongue discovery and excavation.
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3.3 The assemblage
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3.3.1 Rochelongue underwater site: local or foreign?
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3.3.2 Rochelongue underwater site. Shipwreck or votive deposit?
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3.3.3 Material distribution on the site
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3.3.4 Rochelongue underwater site. A contact zone?
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3.4 Conclusion
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4. Re-Connecting The Sea. Social Network Analysis and Actor Network Theory in Shipwreck Archaeology
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4.1 Introduction
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4.2 Materiality and scale
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4.3 Actor network theory
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4.4 Social network analysis
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4.4.1 Social psychology and networks.
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4.4.2 Social anthropology and networks.
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4.5 Archaeological Network Analysis
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4.5.1 Why use Network Analysis in Archaeology?
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4.5.2 Network Analysis and Maritime Connectivity.
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4.6 Conclusion
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5. Methods
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5.1 Introduction
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5.2 Permits and collaboration
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5.3 The catalogue
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5.3.1 Metal recording
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5.3.2 The minimum number of individuals
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Example 1: Determination of the MNI of fibulae
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Example 2: Determination of the MNI of annular objects
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5.4 The provenance studies (LIA, EDXRF, ICP-MS)
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5.4.1 Portable energy dispersive X-Ray fluorescence (EDXRF)
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5.4.2 Lead isotope analysis (LIA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
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5.4.3 Proposed sampling method and sample treatment
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5.5 Maritime connectivity model
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5.5.1 Network analysis model
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5.5.2 Two-mode and ego-network-model
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5.5.3 The Use of a Georeferenced Information System in Maritime connectivity
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5.5.4 The Vessel
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Nautical characteristics of the vessel
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Speed
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Tonnage
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5.5.5 Modelling distance and time across the sea
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5.5.6 Model analysis.
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5.6 Conclusion
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6. Results
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6.1. Introduction
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6.2. Artefacts Recording
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A. Weapons and Accessories
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A.1. Spearheads
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A.2 Spear-butts
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A.3 Arrowheads
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A.4. Swords, daggers and knives
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A.5. Bows
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B. Tools
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B.1. Winged axes
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B.2. Palstave axe
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B.3. Flat axe
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B.4 Adzes.
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B.5 Axes with socket and bevelled blade
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B.5.1 Launacien axes
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B.5.2 Rochelongue axes
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B.5.3 Miniature axes
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B.6 Hammer
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B.7 Chisel/gouge
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C. Jewellery and Clothing elements
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C.1 Fibulae.
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C.2 Pendants
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C.3 Bracelets
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C.4 Other ring ornaments
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C.4.1 Torques.
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C.4.2 Ear pins.
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C.4.3 Discs with a central bulge.
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C.4.4 Rings
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C.5 Beads
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C.6 Hairpins
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C.7 Buckles
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C.7.1 Type Acebuchal
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C.7.2 Buckle Type Fleury
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C.7.3 Buckle with quadrangular plate
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C.8 Buttons or appliques
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D. Diverse
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D.1 Harness
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D.2 Appliques
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D.3 Metal Vessels.
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E. Raw Metal
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E.1 Lead and tin
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E.2 Plano-convex ingots
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E.3 Slags
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6.2.1 Chronological considerations.
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6.3. Metallurgical analyses and applications
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6.3.1 Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF)
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6.3.2 pXRF data reliability
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6.3.3 Results of elemental analysis
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6.3.4 Cumulative rate of impurities.
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6.3.5 Lead Isotope Analysis
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6.4. The Maritime Connectivity Model
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6.4.1 Two-mode network
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6.4.2 Ego network
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6.4.3 Geo-referential Information System applied to Maritime Model.
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6.5. Conclusion
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7. Rochelongue Shipwreck and the Contact Zone
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7.1 Introduction
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7.2. Defining Rochelongue
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Xlendi Bay Shipwreck (Gambin 2018)
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Bajo de la Campana (Polzer 2014)
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Giglio (Bound 1991)
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Mazarrón 2 (Negueruela 2000; Negueruela et al. 2004)
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7.3. Cultural connectivity: the contact zone
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7.4 Conclusion
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8. Conclusion
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Bibliography
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Appendix 1
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Back cover
Citable Link
Published: 2023
Publisher: BAR Publishing
- 9781407360379 (paper)
- 9781407360386 (ebook)
BAR Number: S3141