The Archaeology of the Sierra Blanca Region of Southeastern New Mexico

Kelley, Jane Holden

doi:doi:10.3998/mpub.11396323

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The Archaeology of the Sierra Blanca Region of Southeastern New Mexico

Jane Holden Kelley

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Overview
Contents

In this monumental work, Jane Holden Kelley preserved archaeological data from many important sites in southeastern New Mexico, many of which no longer exist. She also established a basic chronological framework for the upland portion of this area. Sites discussed include Bloom Mound and the Bonnell site, as well as many sites in the Upper Gallo Drainage, the Upper Hondo Drainage, the Upper Macho Drainage, and north of Capitan Mountain.

Contents
Tables
Charts
Figures
Plates
Maps
Foreword to the 1984 Edition, by John D. Speth
Preface - 1984
Acknowedgments: 1966 and 1984
Introduction
1. A Survey of Natural Potential Resources of Southeastern New Mexico
- Introduction
- Inorganic Resources
- Resources Pertinent to Agriculture
  - Water
  - Soil
  - Temperature
  - Agricultural Resources and Limitations
- Organic Resources
  - Plants as Potential Resources
  - Animals as Potential Resources
  - Summary Statement on Organic Resources
2. Regional Review of the Ecology and Archaeology
- Dating Problems
- Chupadero Region
  - The Setting
  - Archaeological Sequence
- South-central New Mexico from the Tularosa Basin to the Rio Grande
  - The Setting
  - Archaeological Sequence of the Southern Regions
  - Archaeological Sequence of the Northern Tularosa Basin
- Guadalupe Mountain Region
- The Pecos Valley
  - The Setting
  - Archaeological Sequence
- The Llano Estacado
- Summary
3. Archaeological Sites of the Sierra Blanca Region
- The Setting
- History of the Fieldwork
- The Sites
  - Mayhill Sites 1 and 2
  - Site 2000
  - The Bonnell Site
  - Clint Sultemeier Site
  - Hiner Site 1
  - Phillips Site
  - Block Lookout Site
  - Bloom Mound
- Phases
  - The Glencoe Phase
  - The Corona Phase
  - The Lincoln Phase
- Summary
4. Intra- and Interregional Comparisons of Individual Culture Traits
- Placement and Internal Organization of Sites in the Sierra Blanca Region
  - Ecological Distribution of Sites
  - Topographical Location of Sites
  - The Factor of Defense in Site Locations
  - Village Organization
- Pithouses and Other Subterranean Structures
  - Raw Materials and Their Utilization in Pithouses
  - Pithouse Shape
  - Depth of House Pits
  - Treatment of Pit Walls
  - Floor Treatment
  - Lateral Entrances and Ventilators
  - Benches
  - Interior Pits and Depressions
  - Firepits and Fire Areas
  - Ash Receptacles
  - Houses Outlined with Upright Stone Slabs
  - Cobbles Used in Structures
  - A Slab-lined Pithouse with Masonry Walls
  - House Units Composed of Contiguous Pit Rooms
  - Superstructure Construction
  - Roof Construction
  - Secondary Interior Posts
  - Minor Construction Elements Involving Posts
- Adobe and/or Masonry Surface Structures
  - Shape of the Pueblo Structures
  - Wall Construction and Building Materials
  - Roof Construction
  - Interior Posts
  - Firepits
  - Ash Box
  - Sub-floor Pits
  - Use of Upright Stone Slabs
  - Doorways
  - Jacal Construction
- Ceremonial Structures in Southeastern New Mexico
  - Review of Archaeological Evidence
  - Sipapus
  - Summary
- Food Processing Tools
  - Metates and Basin Milling Stones
  - Manos and Grinding Stones
  - Mortars and Pestles
  - Summary
- Other Grinding Implements
  - "Palettes"
  - Grinding Slabs
- Stone Abrading Tools
  - Grooved Abraders
  - Striated Abrader
  - Flat Abraders
- Hafted Tools
  - Axes
  - Grooved Hammers, Mauls, and Other Hafted Tools
- Hammerstones
- Cooking Accessories
  - Comales
  - Pot Lids
  - Fire Dogs
  - Cooking Racks
  - Summary
- Ceremonial, Ornamental, or Recreational Artifacts
  - Stone and Pottery Animal Figures
  - Incense Burners
  - Pipes
  - Gaming Pieces
  - Bone Whistles
  - Bone Tubes
  - Miscellaneous Bone Items Probably Used for Personal Adornment
  - Ornaments
  - Summary
- Weapons Complex
  - Arrow Shaft-straighteners
  - Projectile Points
- Small Tools Used in Crafts
  - Chipped Stone Tools
  - Bone Awls
  - Other Small Bone Tools
  - Polishing Stones
- Disposal of the Dead
- Woven Materials
- Pottery of the Sierra Blanca Region
  - Native Types and Variants
  - Interregional Trade Pottery
  - Elements that Cross-cut Pottery Types
- Description of Four Pottery Types Native to the Sirra Blanca Region
  - Jornada Brown
  - Chupadero Black-on-White and Related Types and Varieties
  - Three Rivers Red-on-Terracotta and Related Types
  - Lincoln Black-on-Red
- Regional Subsistence Patterns in the Subarea
- Summary of Cultural Relationships in the Sierra Blanca Region
5. Origins and Development of Sedentary Life in Southeastern New Mexico
- Relationships Between the Hueco and Mesilla Phases
- Primary Sources of Pueblo I and II Culture
- Subsequent Development of Sedentary Village Life
- Abandonment - When and Why
- Ethnic Identity
- Marginalism and Cultural Conservatism
- Suggestions for Future Work
Appendix 1. Archaeology of the Upper Gallo Drainage
- Introduction
- Excavated Sites or Features Not Assigned to a Phase
  - Clint Sultemeier Site 2
  - Clark Site 1
  - Isolated Feature at the Frank Sultemeier Site
  - Comment on the Three Preceding Features
- An Excavated Site of the Corona Phase Clint Sultemeier Site 1
- Surveyed Sites of the Corona Phase
  - Black Stump Canyon Site
  - Hiner Site 2
  - Clark Site 2
- Excavated Sites of the Lincoln Phase
  - Frank Sultemeier Site
  - Hiner Site 1
  - Ryberg Site 3
- Laboratory of Anthropology Survey
Appendix 2. Sites in the Upper Macho Drainage
- The Phillips Site
  - Surveyed House Units
  - Excavated House Units
  - Early Lincoln Phase House Excavations
  - Late Lincoln Phase House Units
  - A Private Collection
  - Artifacts from Phillips Ranch Site
  - Food Remains
  - Pottery
  - Relative Dating of House Units and Individual Structures Using Pottery Lots
  - The Phillips Site Petroglyphs
- Carrizo Mountain Silicified Shale Mines
- Robinson Site
- Small Sites West of the Phillips Site
- Summary
Appendix 3. Sites North of Capitan Mountain
- The Locale
- Homestead Site
- Las Tablas Site
- Block Headquarters Site of the Lincoln Phase
- Block Lookout Site of the Lincoln Phase
  - Introduction
  - Excavated Structures
  - Artifacts
  - Food Remains
  - Burials
  - Skeletal Analysis of the Adult Burial in Room 1, by Erik Reed
  - Pottery
  - Pottery as a Temporal Indicator
  - Locality Summary
Appendix 4. Sites In and Adjacent to the Upper Hondo Drainage
- Introduction
- A Geological Feature: The "Aqueduct"
- Preceramic Sites
  - Pfingsten Site 1
  - Feather, Chipmunk, or Smetnick Cave
- Sites Not Assigned to a Phase
  - Threlkeld Site
  - Sites in the Upper Ruidoso Valley
  - Upper Stanton Site
  - Hondo Schoolyard Site
  - Riverside Site
  - The Fortification
  - Site on Bonito Lake
- A Corona Phase Site
  - The Escondida Site
- Glencoe Phase Sites
  - McDaniel Site
  - Pfingsten Site 2
  - Perry Site
  - Close Gravel Pit Site
  - Nogal Mesa Site
  - Nogal Canyon Site
  - Upper Bonito Site II
  - Upper Bonito Site III
- A Site with Glencoe and Lincoln Phase Components
  - Fred Pfingsten Site
- Lincoln Phase Sites
  - Mesa Ranger Station Site
  - Young Site
  - Upper Bonito Site
  - Lower Stanton or Stanton Ruin
  - Double Crossing Site
  - Baca Site
  - Hulbert Site
  - Dow Site
  - Las Chosas Site
  - Blue Water Sites
Appendix 5. The Bonnell Site (LA 612) of the Late Glencoe Phase
- Introduction
  - The Setting
  - Fieldwork at the Bonnell site
- Building History of the Village
  - Period 1
  - Period 2
  - Period 3
  - Period 4
- Description of Excavated Structures
- Discussion of Architectural Features of Houses
  - Orientation
  - House Types
  - Function
  - House Pits
  - Floors
  - Internal Posts and Post Holes
  - Wall Posts and Post Holes
  - Roof Construction
  - Entrances
  - Fire Areas
  - Ash Pits
  - Bench
  - Sub-floor Pits
  - Recess in House Pit Wall
  - Floor Depressions
  - Sub-floor Burials
- Features Located Outside Houses
  - Hearths of Fire-cracked Rocks
  - Storage Pits
  - Posts and Post Holes
  - Burials
- Summary Statement on Architecture
- Artifacts
  - Gound-stone Tools
  - Miscellaneous Stone Objects
  - Pigments
  - Unaltered Stones
  - Chipped Stone Tools
  - Hammerstones
  - Bone Artifacts
  - Other Bone Tools
  - Shell Objects
  - Fired Clay Objects Other Than Pottery Vessels
- Food Products
  - Plants
  - Animals
- Pottery
  - Characteristics of the Pottery
  - Summary
- Disposal of the Dead
  - Burial Descriptions
  - Other Human Bones
- Dating
  - Ceramic Correlations
  - Internal Chronology
- Summary
Appendix 6. Bloom Mound in the Lower Hondo Valley
- Introduction
  - Setting
  - History of Research at Bloom Mound
- Architecture
  - Rooms
  - Function of the Rooms
- Material Culture
  - Chipped Stone Artifacts
  - Ground Stone
  - Miscellaneous Stone
  - Unworked Stones
  - Objects of Bone
  - Ornaments
  - Objects of Clay Other Than Pottery Vessels
  - Copper Bells
  - Pottery
  - Woven Materials
  - Notes on Basketry and Textiles from Bloom Mound, by Elizabeth King
- Skeletal Material
- Food Remains
- Dating
- Summary
Appendix 7. Sites Along the Upper and Middle Penasco River
- Preceramic Features
- Early Glencoe Phase Sites
  - Mayhill Site 1
  - Mayhill Site 2
  - Pithouse Excavated by Roger Green
- Late Glencoe Phase Sites
  - Site 2000
  - Other Sites
- Summary and Discussion
  - Conflicting Phase Designations
  - Early Glencoe Phase
  - Late Glencoe Phase
Appendix 8. Three Sites Northwest of Roswell, New Mexico
- Salt Creek Site
- Upper Salt Creek Site
- Blackwater Creek Site
Bibliography

Citable Link

Published: 1984

Publisher: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropological Archaeology

ISBN(s)

978-1-949098-97-6 (ebook)
978-0-932206-96-1 (paper)

Series

Anthropological Papers Series

Subject

Archaeology:New World

The Archaeology of the Sierra Blanca Region of Southeastern New Mexico

Overview

Contents