Fig. 5. The Little Prince: “Mother, you are dressed like this. Where are you going?” Moments before her reversed border crossing in Wenji Entering the Pass (Wenji rusai 文姬入塞) by Chen Yujiao 陳與郊. From a facsimile (Wujin: Songfenshi, 1918) of Zaju of the High Ming Period (Shengming zaju 盛明雜劇, edited by Shen Tai, 1629). Courtesy of Stanford Auxiliary Library.

Fig. 6. Cai Yan continues her father’s unfinished scholarship in The Daughter of Zhonglang 中郎女 by Nanshan Yishi 南山逸史. Seated in the middle, wearing an official cap as the male clerks do, she hands her writing to the maids to be passed on to the male scribes, observing the Confucian rule of proper separation between men and women. From a facsimile (Wujin: Songfenshi, 1941) of Newly Edited Zaju (Zaju xinbian 雜劇新編, edited by Zou Shijin, ca. 1661).

Fig. 7. Cai Yan visits the tomb of Zhaojun and the spirit of Wang Zhaojun appears. Mourning the Pipa 弔琵琶 by You Tong 尤侗. Cai Yan is kneeling in front of the Green Mound with offering; the zither is carried by her maid. From a facsimile (Wujin: Songfenshi, 1941) of Newly Edited Zaju (Zaju xinbian 雜劇新編, edited by Zou Shijin, ca. 1661).

Fig. 8. Li Ling (bottom left corner) communicates with Chinese troops with archery. “Victory at the Pass,” Returning to Heliang (Heliang gui 河梁歸) by Zhou Leqing 周樂清 (fl. 1801–1830), in The Chuanqi of the Sky-Mending Stone (Butianshi chuanqi 補天石傳奇, 1830).

Fig. 9. Su Wu (right side with official cap and gown) and Li Ling (next to him in martial outfit) happily meet again at Heliang. “Enfeoffing the Tomb,” Returning to Heliang (Heliang gui 河梁歸) by Zhou Leqing 周樂清 (fl. 1801–1830), in The Chuanqi of the Sky-Mending Stone (Butianshi chuanqi 補天石傳奇, 1830).