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Otters and Urchins: Continuity and Change in Haida Economy during the Late Holocene and Maritime Fur Trade Periods
Trevor J. Orchard
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This study examines changes in Haida economic adaptations during the late pre-contact and early contact periods in Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia). This was primarily achieved through the analysis of faunal and artifactual assemblages recovered from archaeological excavations at eight village sites in Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site (southernmost Haida Gwaii). In addition, extensive syntheses of early historic accounts, ethnographic descriptions, and previous archaeological work provide context for the interpretation of the archaeological data and complementary data on the economic responses of the Haida to European contact and the maritime fur trade. The new archaeological data presented in this volume, combined with previously published results, form the basis of a detailed description of the nature of Haida economic adaptations during the late pre-contact period (ca. 500 AD to 1774 AD). Most notably, these data clarify a previously recognized shift from a more generalized, rockfish-oriented economy to a more specialised, salmon-focused economy between 1,200 BP and 800 BP. These distinct economic adaptations, now widely demonstrated for southern Haida Gwaii, have been formalized as an earlier Xyuu daw Phase (ca. 2,000 BP to 1,000 BP) and a later Qayjuu Phase (ca. 1,000 BP to contact), both within the previously described late Graham Tradition.
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Front Cover
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Title Page
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Copyright
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ABSTRACT
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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LIST OF TABLES
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LIST OF FIGURES
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
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CHAPTER 2. THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH
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CHAPTER 3. HAIDA GWAII ENVIRONMENT
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CHAPTER 4. HAIDA ETHNOGRAPHY
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CHAPTER 5. ETHNOHISTORIC DATA
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CHAPTER 6. PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND CULTURE HISTORY IN HAIDA GWAII
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CHAPTER 7. ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA: THE GWAII HAANAS ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT
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CHAPTER 8. SYNTHESIS AND DISCUSSION: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN HAIDA ECONOMY DURING THE LATE HOLOCENE AND MARITIME FUR-TRADE PERIODS
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CHAPTER 9. CONCLUSIONS
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APPENDIX A. SITE ASSESSMENTS AND BASIC SITE INFORMATION
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APPENDIX B. SITE EXCAVATIONS
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APPENDIX C. ARTIFACT DESCRIPTIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS
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APPENDIX D. VERTEBRATE FAUNAL DATA
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APPENDIX E. BULK SAMPLE ANALYSIS AND INVERTEBRATE DATA
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REFERENCES CITED
Citable Link
Published: 2009
Publisher: BAR Publishing
- 9781407335544 (ebook)
- 9781407306049 (paperback)
BAR Number: S2027