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  2. Arts and Crafts in Iron Age East Yorkshire: A holistic approach to pattern and purpose, c. 400BC-AD100

Arts and Crafts in Iron Age East Yorkshire: A holistic approach to pattern and purpose, c. 400BC-AD100

Helen Chittock
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  • Overview

  • Contents

This volume presents a new approach to decorative practices in Iron Age Britain and beyond. It aims to collapse the historic distinction between art and craft during the period 400BC-AD100 by examining the purposeful nature of decoration on varied Iron Age objects, not just those traditionally considered art. A case study from East Yorkshire (UK), a region well known for its elaborate Iron Age metalwork, is presented. This study takes a holistic approach to the finds from a sample of 30 sites, comparing pattern and plainness on objects of a wide range of materials. The analysis focuses on the factors that led makers to decorate certain objects in certain ways and the uses of different patterns in different social contexts. A concentrated study on evidence for use-wear, damage, repair and modification then draws on primary research and uses assemblage theory to better understand the uses and functions of decorated objects and the ways these developed over time.
  • Acknowledgements
  • Contents
  • List of Figures
  • List of Tables
  • Abstract
  • 1 An Introduction to This Book: What Did Pattern Do?
    • 1.1. Introduction
    • 1.2. The Origins of This Book
    • 1.3. What Is This Book About?
    • 1.4. Chapter Outline
  • 2 A Brief History of Celtic Art Studies in Britain and Beyond
    • 2.1. Introduction
    • 2.2. The Emergence of a Celtic Art Style
      • 2.2.1. The Idea of the Celts
      • 2.2.2. The Grammar of Ornament
      • 2.2.3. Horae Ferales, John Kemble and A.W. Franks
    • 2.3. Celtic Art in Time and Space
      • 2.3.1. Synthesis and Chronology in the 20th Century
      • 2.3.2. The Limitations of Celtic Art
    • 2.4. Peasant Art and Home-Crafts
      • 2.4.1. Glastonbury Lake Village and Its Arts and Crafts
      • 2.4.2. Shifting Models of Iron Age Craft and Value
    • 2.5. Rethinking Celtic Art
    • 2.6. Chapter Conclusion
  • 3 A Return to Pattern and Purpose
    • 3.1. Introduction
    • 3.2. Formulating the Research Question
    • 3.3. Pattern and Purpose: A Survey of Early Celtic Art in Britain
    • 3.4. Defining Pattern
    • 3.5. Defining Purpose
    • 3.6. Reintegrating Pattern and Purpose
    • 3.7. Chapter Conclusion
  • 4 Beyond the Arras Culture: Characterising the Iron Age of East Yorkshire
    • 4.1. Introduction
      • 4.1.1. Why East Yorkshire?
    • 4.2. Researching the Iron Age in East Yorkshire
      • 4.2.1. Antiquarianism
      • 4.2.2. The Arras Culture
      • 4.2.3. Searching for Settlements
      • 4.2.4. Chronological Discussions of Iron Age East Yorkshire
    • 4.3. Characterising the Middle-Late Iron Age in East Yorkshire
      • 4.3.1. The Middle Iron Age: 400–100BC
        • Cemeteries
        • Chariot Burials
        • ‘Warrior’ Burials
        • Settlements
        • Material Culture
      • 4.3.2. The Late Iron Age: 100BC–AD100
        • Cemeteries
        • Settlements
        • Material Culture
    • 4.4. Pattern, Colour and Society in Iron Age East Yorkshire
      • 4.4.1. Early Celtic Art (and Other Art) in East Yorkshire
      • 4.4.2. Significant Materials
      • 4.4.3. The Functions of Patterned Objects
  • 5 Pattern and Context in the Dataset
    • 5.1. Introduction
    • 5.2. The Dataset
      • 5.2.1. The Sample of Sites
      • 5.2.2. Data from the Portable Antiquities Scheme
      • 5.2.3. Dating
      • 5.2.4. Data Collection
      • 5.2.5. Pattern in the Dataset
      • 5.2.6. Context in the Dataset
    • 5.3. Data Analysis
      • 5.3.1. Ceramic Sherds
      • 5.3.2. Patterned and Plain Objects
      • 5.3.3. Style and Context
      • 5.3.4. Patterned Object Types
    • 5.4. Discussion of Data
      • 5.4.1. The Decision to Decorate
      • 5.4.2. The Decision to Deposit
      • 5.4.3. Reflecting on the Limitations of ‘Object Type’ Categories
  • 6 Pattern and Purpose in the Dataset
    • 6.1. Introduction
      • 6.1.1. Fox’s Ideas about Purpose
      • 6.1.2. Augmenting Purpose
    • 6.2. Data Analysis
      • 6.2.1. Purpose Categories and Pattern
      • 6.2.2. Purpose Categories and Deposition
    • 6.3. Discussion of Data
      • 6.3.1. Horse and Chariot Gear
      • 6.3.2. Weapons and Defence
      • 6.3.3. Personal Ornament
      • 6.3.4. Mirrors
      • 6.3.5. Vessels
      • 6.3.6. Implements
      • 6.3.7. Ambiguous Objects
    • 6.4. Chapter Conclusion
  • 7 Iron Age Groupsets in Time and Space
    • 7.1. Introduction
      • 7.1.1. Biographies, Itineraries and Beyond
      • 7.1.2. Iron Age Groupsets
    • 7.2. Methodology
    • 7.3. Chariots
      • 7.3.1. Ferry Fryston (Wakefield Museums and Castles)
      • 7.3.2. Wetwang Village (British Museum, 2001,0401)
      • 7.3.3. Wetwang 2 (Hull and East Riding Museum, 2010.8)
      • 7.3.4. Garton Slack (Hull and East Riding Museum, 1973.32)
      • 7.3.5. Wetwang 1 (Hull and East Riding Museum, 2010.8)
      • 7.3.6. Wetwang 3 (Hull and East Riding Museum, 2010.8)
      • 7.3.7. Kirkburn (British Museum, 1987,0404)
      • 7.3.8. Garton Station (British Museum, 1985,0305)
      • 7.3.9. Arras: The Queen’s Barrow (British Museum, 1877,1016)
      • 7.3.10. Chariots: Discussion
        • Raw Materials
        • Design and Making
        • Use
        • Collection, Exchange and Deposition
        • Chariots: Summary
    • 7.4. Swords (and a Single Shield)
    • 400–100BC
      • 7.4.1. The Bugthorpe Sword (British Museum, 1905,0717.1)
      • 7.4.2. The Kirkburn Sword (British Museum, 1987,0404.2)
      • 7.4.3. Wetwang 1 (Hull and East Riding Museum, KINCM:2010.8.31)
      • 7.4.4. Wetwang 3 (Hull and East Riding Museum, KINCM:2010.8.65)
      • 7.4.5. The Grimthorpe Sword and Shield (British Museum, 1876,0208.10)
        • The Grimthorpe Shield (British Museum 1876,0208.1 and 2)
    • 100BC–AD100
      • 7.4.6 The South Cave Hoard (Beverley Treasure House)
        • RF40 (2005,99.9)
        • RF18 (2005,99.8)
        • RF41 (2005,99.10)
        • RF17 (2005,99.5)
        • RF16 (2005,99.25)
        • The South Cave Swords as an Assemblage
      • 7.4.7. Swords: Discussion
        • Raw Materials
        • Design
        • Making and Repairing Swords
        • Use
        • Fragmentation and Reassembly
        • Deposition
        • Sword: Summary
    • 7.5. Bone and Antler Objects
      • 7.5.1. Bone and Antler Objects: An Overview
      • 7.5.2. The Comb Pit (Garton Slack XI, Hull and East Riding Museum)
      • 7.5.3. Bone and Antler Objects from Rudston Villa East Site
      • 7.5.4. Bone Points
      • 7.5.5. Bone and Antler Objects: Discussion
        • Making Bone and Antler Objects
        • The Decision to Decorate
        • Use
        • Bone and Antler Objects: Summary
    • 7.6. Pots
      • 7.6.1. Raw Materials
      • 7.6.2. Design
      • 7.6.3. Use-Wear
      • 7.6.4. Fragmentation and Deposition
      • 7.6.5. Exchange
      • 7.6.6. Pots: Discussion
    • 7.7. Chapter Conclusion
      • 7.7.1. Iron Age ‘Kintsugi’
      • 7.7.2. Pattern as Patina
  • 8 Pattern and Purpose in Iron Age East Yorkshire
    • 8.1. The Decision to Decorate
    • 8.2. The Processes of Design and Patterning
    • 8.3. The Deployment of Pattern
    • 8.4. The Accumulation of Pattern
    • 8.5. The Deposition of Patterned Objects
    • 8.6. What Did Pattern Do?
    • 8.7. Looking Further Afield: Overlapping Traditions at Different Scales, and Local Interpretations of Wider Artistic Practices
    • 8.8. Conclusion: A Threefold Purpose of Iron Age Pattern
  • References
  • Appendix I
  • Appendix II
Citable Link
Published: 2021
Publisher: BAR Publishing
Copyright Holder: BAR Publishing
ISBN(s)
  • 9781407356983 (ebook)
  • 9781407356976 (paper)
BAR Number: B660
Series
  • Archaeology of Prehistoric Art
Subject
  • Dress / Jewellery / Personal Ornament
  • Death / Burial / Cemeteries / Tombs
  • Identity / Gender / Childhood / Ethnicity / Romanization
  • Bronze Age and Iron Age
  • Celtic Art
  • Theory and Method (general titles)
  • Decoration
  • Assemblage
  • Art / Sculpture / Gems / Seals
  • History of archaeology
  • History of Archaeology
  • Metal Objects
  • Craft working (general titles, bone, glass, textiles, etc.)
  • Prehistory
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