The Horace's Villa Project, 1997-2003

Frischer, Bernard; Crawford, Jane; De Simone, Monica

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The Horace's Villa Project, 1997-2003

Bernard Frischer, Jane Crawford and Monica De Simone

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Cover
Title Page
Copyright and Permissions
Dedication
List of Abbreviations
Contributors
List of Figures and Tables
Online Plans
Prefaces
- Anna Maria Reggiani
- Maria Grazia Fiore
- Luciano Romanzi
- Bernard Frischer
- Preface to the Electronic Edition
A Introduction: History and Goals of the "Horace's Villa" Project by Bernard Frischer
B History of Archaeological Research on the Site
- B.1 General Introduction to the Area by Bernard Frischer
  - [Introduction]
  - B.1.1 Settlement of the Licenza valley in antiquity
  - B.1.2 Archaic period to the Roman conquest
  - B.1.3 Second and first centuries B.C.
  - B.1.4 First and second centuries A.D.
  - B.1.5 Third to fifth centuries A.D.
  - B.1.6 Sixth through ninth centuries A.D.
  - B.1.7 Tenth through fifteenth centuries A.D.
  - B.1.8 Sixteenth through eighteenth centuries A.D.
  - B.1.9 1780-1910
- B.2 Identification of the Vigne di S. Pietro as Horace's Villa: the Ancient Evidence
- B.3 Knowledge about Horace's Villa from the Imperial Period to 1911
- B.4 Interventions in the 20th century
  - B.4.1 Pasqui's excavations, 1911-1914
  - B.4.2 Lugli's 1926 account of the Pasqui excavations
  - B.4.3 Condition of the site in the 1920s
  - B.4.4 Lugli-Price excavation of 1930-31
  - B.4.5 Restorations of 1930-31
  - B.4.6 World War II
  - B.4.7 Activities from 1946-1996
- B.5 Biographical Sketch of Thomas Drees Price by Kathryn Gleason
C New Fieldwork
- C.1 The "Horace's Villa" Project, 1997-2003: Organization, Strategy, and Objectives by Bernard Frischer, Stefano Camaiani, Monica De Simone
  - [Introduction]
  - C.1.1 Organization
  - C.1.2 Sponsors
  - C.1.3 Staff and volunteers
  - C.1.4 Research issues, methods and strategy
  - C.1.5 Archaeological strategy
  - C.1.6 Resources utilized in archival research
  - C.1.7 Documentation and database
    - [Introduction]
    - C.1.7.1 Data collection
    - C.1.7.2 Data management
  - C.1.8. Disposition of finds and documentation
- C.2 The Residence by Monica De Simone and Laura Cerri
  - C.2.1 Excavation in Area 12
  - C.2.2 Soundings north of Areas 6, 17, and 26
- C.3 The Garden by Kathryn Gleason, James G. Schryver, Luca Passalacqua
- C.4 Quadriporticus by Monica De Simone, Silvia Nerucci, Luca Passalacqua
  - C.4.1 Introduction
  - C.4.2 Sector II.1, Area 54
  - C.4.3 Sector IV.1, Area 23
  - C.4.4 Sector IV.2, Area 23
  - C.4.5 Sector VIII.1-6, Area 55
  - C.4.6 Sector VIII.7, Area 55
  - C.4.7 Conclusions
- C.5 The Bath Complex by Stefano Camaiani, Laura Cerri, Luca Passalacqua
  - [Introduction]
  - C.5.1 Period I (Second Century B.C. to First Century A.D.)
    - [Introduction]
    - C.5.1.1 Activities 1-4: The Republican Atrium
  - C.5.2 Period II (Second Half of the First Century A.D. to the Second Century A.D.)
    - [Introduction]
    - C.5.2.1 Activities 5-21: Construction of the Bath Complex (ca. 80-150 A.D.)
  - C.5.3 Period III (Fourth-Fifth Centuries A.D. [?])
    - [Introduction]
    - C.5.3.1 Activities 22-29: Abandonment in Late Antiquity
  - C.5.4 Period IV (Fifth-Ninth Centuries A.D.)
    - [Introduction]
    - C.5.4.1 Activities 30-40: The Medieval Reoccupation
  - C.5.5 Period V (Late Middle Ages)
    - [Introduction]
    - C.5.5.1 Activities 41-46: The Last Interventions of the Medieval Period
  - C.5.6 Period VI (Twentieth Century A.D.)
    - [Introduction]
    - C.5.6.1 Activities 47-49: Twentieth-century archaeological soundings
  - C.5.7 Appendix: Recent Work in Sector I.2, Area 50
D Analysis of Structures and Materials
- D.1 The Masonry Structures by Monica De Simone
- D.2 Pottery by Claudia Angelelli
- D.3 Garden Material by Elizabeth R. Macaulay
  - D.3.1 Ollae perforatae (planting pots)
    - [Introduction]
    - D.3.1.1 Nearly whole flower pot: VH 148=SAL 114528
    - D.3.1.2 Flower pot base fragment: VH 187=SAL 114531
    - D.3.1.3 Flower pot base fragment: VH 203= SAL 114529
    - D.3.1.4 Flower pot in the Museum of Licenza: SAL 39344
    - D.3.1.5 Conclusions
  - D.3.2 The Sundial Fragment from "Horace's Villa"
- D.4 The "Horace's Villa" Brickstamps and the Brick Production of the Central Anio River Valley by Giorgio Filippi
- D.5 The Architectural Terracottas by Maria José Strazzulla
  - [Introduction]
  - D.5.1 Catalogue
- D.6 Marbles by Claudia Angelelli
  - D.6.1 Parietal opus sectile
    - [Introduction]
    - D.6.1.1 Catalogue
    - D.6.1.2 Conclusions
  - D.6.2 Pavements in opus sectile
    - [Introduction]
    - D.6.2.1 Pasqui excavations, 1911-1914
    - D.6.2.2 Excavations 1997-2001
- D.7 The "Horace's Villa" Database of Architectural Fragments by Philip Stinson
  - D.7.1 Introduction
  - D.7.2 Overview of the Objects in the Database
  - D.7.3 Discussion of Provenance
  - D.7.4 The Architectural Fragments in Their Architectural Contexts
  - D.7.5 Photographs and Drawings
- D.8 The Mosaics by Klaus Werner
- D.9 Fragments of Wall Painting from "Horace's Villa" by Stephen T.A.M. Mols
  - D.9.1 Background
  - D.9.2 Fresco Fragments Found from 1911 to 1914
  - D.9.3 Finds of 1998-1999
    - [Introduction]
    - D.9.3.1 Area 23
    - D.9.3.2 Areas 37-40
    - D.9.3.3 Area 35
  - D.9.4 Conclusion
- D.10 Miniature Marble Sculptures by Steven Lattimore
  - [Introduction]
  - D.10.1 Youthful Male Torso
  - D.10.2 Nude Female Torso
  - D.10.3 Youthful Male Head
- D.11 Coins by Theodore Buttrey
- D.12 Small Metal Objects from Recent Excavations (1997-2001) by Archer Martin
  - [Introduction]
  - D.12.1 Jewelry
  - D.12.2 Clothing Accessory
  - D.12.3 Tools
  - D.12.4 Weapon
  - D.12.5 Structural Fittings
  - D.12.6 Miscellaneous Objects
- D.13 Inscriptions on Lead Pipes by Christer Bruun
  - D.13.1 Epigraphical and Historical Commentary
  - D.13.2 Technical Information
    - D.13.2.1 Inscribed lead pipes in the museum at Licenza
    - D.13.2.2 Inscribed lead pipes from the 1997-2000 excavations
  - D.13.3 Commentary on the Inscribed Fistulae
  - D.13.4 Anepigraphic Lead Pipes from the Excavations of 1997-2000
- D.14 The Archaeobotanical Remains from the Garden by Jennifer Ramsay
  - D.14.1 Introduction
  - D.14.2 Methodology
  - D.14.3 Results
  - D.14.4 Interpretation
  - D.14.5 Conclusions
E Miscellaneous Studies
- E.1 Soils and Landscapes of "Horace's Villa" and Adjacent Areas by John E. Foss, Michael E. Essington, Yul Roh, Debra H. Philips
  - E.1.1 Introduction
  - E.1.2 Methods
    - E.1.2.1 Field methods
    - E.1.2.2 Laboratory methods
  - E.1.3 Results and Discussion
    - E.1.3.1 Field results
    - E.1.3.2 Laboratory results
  - E.1.4 Summary
- E.2 The Ownership of the Licenza Villa by Vasily Rudich
- E.3 The Orsini in the Tiburtine Region and in the Licenza Valley (XII-XV centuries) by Franca Allegrezza
- E.4 Owners of "Horace's Villa" at the Time of Pasqui's Excavation (1911-1914) by Bernard Frischer
- E.5 Graphic Documentation of "Horace's Villa": Analysis and Revision of the Data Using Modern Surveying Procedures by Francesca Colosi, Roberto Gabrielli, Bernard Frischer
  - E.5.1. Introduction
  - E.5.2 Gathering and Analysis of the Existing Documentation
  - E.5.3 Survey of the Control Points
    - [Introduction]
    - E.5.3.1 Topographical positioning with the DGPS
    - E.5.3.2 Integrated procedures for the execution of the survey
  - E.5.4 Determining the Accuracy of the Existing Plans: the Methods and the Results.
  - E.5.5 The Creation of the Three-Dimensional Model of the Terrain
  - E.5.6 Conclusions
- E.6 Interpreting Treasure: Oral Tradition, Archaeology and "Horace's Villa" by Luisa Del Giudice
F Conclusion by Bernard Frischer
- [Introduction]
- F.1 Periodization of "Horace's Villa"
  - [Introduction]
  - F.1.1 Periods on the Site of "Horace's Villa"
- F.2 Ownership of "Horace's Villa"
- F.3 Theory for the Upgrading of the Site in Periods IB and IIA
- F.4 Future Directions for Research at "Horace's Villa"
G Catalogue of the Principal Textual and Graphical Documentation of the Site from Antiquity to 1990 by Bernard Frischer
- [Introduction]
- G.1 Textual Sources by Bernard Frischer
  - G.1.1 Passages in Horace's poetry pertinent to the location and nature of the villa
  - G.1.2 Horace's Villa in the Suetonian life of Horace
  - G.1.3 Horace's Villa and related places in the scholia of Pomponius Porphyrio
  - G.1.4 The Villa and related places in the scholia of Pseudo-Acron
  - G.1.5 Horace's Villa and related sites in the early medieval scholia
  - G.1.6 Horace's Villa and related sites in Carolingian scholia
  - G.1.7 Identifications of the location of Horace's Villa and related sites from the Renaissance until 1761
  - G.1.8 Descriptions of the Licenza site and valley, 1761 to 1911
  - G.1.9 Select documents from Italian government files pertaining to the Vigne di S. Pietro site in Licenza, 1885-1911
  - G.1.10 Documentary sources regarding Pasqui's excavations, 1911-1914
  - G.1.11 Horace's Villa in Pasqui's private correspondence
  - G.1.12 Documents pertaining to Pasqui's excavations
  - G.1.13 Early published accounts of Pasqui's excavations
  - G.1.14 1931. Lugli's correspondence with Mrs. George Hallam. De Brisis Family Archive, S. Antonio, Tivoli.
  - G.1.15 1944. The site and museum during the German occupation
  - G.1.16 Reports concerning the state of the archaeological site and museum, 1944-1981
  - G.1.17 Records of sporadic finds from the Licenza valley
- G.2 Graphic Sources by Bernard Frischer
  - [Introduction]
  - G.2.1 Horace's Villa and related sites on maps prior to 1885
  - G.2.2 Horace's Villa in the graphic arts prior to 1911: drawings, watercolors, gouaches, engravings
  - G.2.3 Photographs of sites identified as Horace's Villa, 1855 to 1911
  - G.2.4 1911-1914. Graphic documentation of Pasqui's excavations
  - G.2.5 1911-1914. Pasqui's photographic documentation of his excavations
  - G.2.6 1911-1914. Photographs of Pasqui's excavation from other sources
  - G.2.7 Photographs from the Gabinetto Fotografico Nazionale, Ministero per i Beni Culturali, Rome
  - G.2.8 1920-1990. Miscellaneous photographs documenting the condition of the site
Small Finds Catalog
Notes
- Preface
- A Introduction: History and Goals of the "Horace's Villa" Project
- B History of Archaeological Research on the Site
  - B.1 General Introduction to the Area
  - B.2 Identification of the Vigne di S. Pietro as Horace's Villa: the Ancient Evidence
  - B.3 Knowledge about Horace's Villa from the Imperial Period to 1911
  - B.4 Interventions in the 20th century
  - B.5 Biographical Sketch of Thomas Drees Price
- C New Fieldwork
  - C.1 The "Horace's Villa" Project, 1997-2003: Organization, Strategy, and Objectives
  - C.3 The Garden
  - C.4 Quadriporticus
  - C.5 The Bath Complex
- D Analysis of Structures and Materials
  - D.1 The Masonry Structures
  - D.2 Pottery
  - D.3 Garden Material
  - D.4 The "Horace's Villa" Brickstamps and the Brick Production of the Central Anio River Valley
  - D.5 The Architectural Terracottas
  - D.6 Marbles
  - D.7 The "Horace's Villa" Database of Architectural Fragments
  - D.8 The Mosaics
  - D.9 Fragments of Wall Painting from "Horace's Villa"
  - D.10 Miniature Marble Sculptures
  - D.11 Coins
  - D.12 Small Metal Objects from Recent Excavations (1997-2001)
  - D.13 Inscriptions on Lead Pipes
  - D.14 The Archaeobotanical Remains from the Garden
- E Miscellaneous Studies
  - E.1 Soils and Landscapes of "Horace's Villa" and Adjacent Areas
  - E.2 The Ownership of the Licenza Villa
  - E.3 The Orsini in the Tiburtine Region and in the Licenza Valley (XII-XV centuries)
  - E.4 Owners of "Horace's Villa" at the Time of Pasqui's Excavation (1911-1914)
  - E.5 Graphic Documentation of "Horace's Villa": Analysis and Revision of the Data Using Modern Surveying Procedures
  - E.6 Interpreting Treasure: Oral Tradition, Archaeology and "Horace's Villa"
- F Conclusion
- G Catalogue of the Principal Textual and Graphical Documentation of the Site from Antiquity to 1990
  - G.1 Textual Sources
  - G.2 Graphic Sources
Bibliography
Index
- A-F
- G-O
- P-V
About the Editors

Related Titles
HEB Id	Title	Authors	Publication Information
	Allan Ramsay and the search for Horace's villa.	Frischer, Bernard, and Iain Gordon Brown.	Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2001.
	La villa d'Orazio nella valle del Licenza.	Lugli, Giuseppe.	Roma: L. Morpugo, 1930.
	La villa di Quinto Orazio Flacco.	Mazzoleni, Achille.	Torino, 1890.
	A Restoration of Horace's 'Sabine Villa'.	Price, Thomas D.	Rome: American Academy, 1932.
heb07700.0001.001	A Walk to Horace's Farm.	Rand, Edward K.	Houghton Mifflin, 1930.
	Sabinum: Horaz und sein Landgut im Licenzatal.	Schmidt, Ernst A.	Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter, 1997.

Citable Link

Published: 2006

Publisher: Archaeopress

ISBN(s)

9781597402637 (ebook)

Series

ACLS Fellows’ Publications

Subject

European: Ancient to 400 C.E.

Resources

Topographical map of the Licenza valley (=Lugli 1926, Tav. 1).

2 Contemporary cadastral map showing the Vigne di San Pietro and the archaeological park of Horace’s Villa (parcels 155-156) (source: Ufficio Tecnico Erariale Roma. Comune di Licenza, foglio 16).

Contemporary cadastral map showing the Vigne di San Pietro and the archaeological park of Horace’s Villa (parcels 155-156) (source: Ufficio Tecnico Erariale Roma. Comune di Licenza, foglio 16).

Cadastral map, ca. 1900 (source: Archives of the Archaeological Superintendency of Lazio).

4 Cadastral map, ca. 1900, superimposed on the state plan of the villa (source: Bernard Frischer, using the Cadastral map of fig. 3 and the state plan published in this volume).

Cadastral map, ca. 1900, superimposed on the state plan of the villa (source: Bernard Frischer, using the Cadastral map of fig. 3 and the state plan published in this volume).

View of Area 53 in 1910, prior to Pasqui’s excavations (source: C. Loomis Dana and J. Cotton Dana, 1911). The cross marks the spot where walls could be seen.

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Topographical map of the Licenza valley (=Lugli 1926, Tav. 1).

Contemporary cadastral map showing the Vigne di San Pietro and the archaeological park of Horace’s Villa (parcels 155-156) (source: Ufficio Tecnico Erariale Roma. Comune di Licenza, foglio 16).

Cadastral map, ca. 1900 (source: Archives of the Archaeological Superintendency of Lazio).

Cadastral map, ca. 1900, superimposed on the state plan of the villa (source: Bernard Frischer, using the Cadastral map of fig. 3 and the state plan published in this volume).

View of Area 53 in 1910, prior to Pasqui’s excavations (source: C. Loomis Dana and J. Cotton Dana, 1911). The cross marks the spot where walls could be seen.

Photograph of the remains of the medieval structure in Area 53 (source: Archive SAL, E 661, 1911-14).

Photograph of the mosaic in room 4 taken by C. Loomis Dana and J. Cotton Dana, 1910.

Farfa River valley (map of Lazio, TCI [Milan 1997], 1:200.000 – not to scale).

Map of Northern Sabine territory (map of Lazio, TCI [Milan 1997], 1:200.000--not to scale).

De Chaupy’s map of the Licenza valley.

De Chaupy’s map of the area from Roccagiovine to Licenza compared against the IGM map of the same area.

Map of the area from the Fonte Ratini to the Villa of Horace (Mazzoleni, 1887).

J. P. Hackert, relief map of the Licenza valley.

Ramsay’s sketch of the site (National Gallery of Scotland, RSA 509).

Modern cadastral plan with Ramsay’s points A, B, and D. [Figure 15]

Modern cadastral plan with the villa at “I Sainesi” (G) and Ramsay’s points A (Villa of Horace) and F (Colle Franchisi).

Pasqui’s sketch of the approximate location of the villa with respect to the cadastral land parcels, ca. 1911.

Photograph of Nicola de Rossi from his tomb in Licenza.

Plan showing the state of the site at the end of Pasqui’s excavations (E. Gatti in Lugli 1926).

Plan of Pasqui’s excavations, May, 1913 (R. Vaucher, L’Illustration, May 17, 1913).

The Horace's Villa Project, 1997-2003

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