Practitioner-oriented programs began appearing in the 1970s. Borrowing from the National Association for the Practice of Anthropology (NAPA) membership information brochure: By ‘‘Practicing Anthropologists’’ we mean professionally trained individuals who are employed or retained to apply their specialized knowledge, skills, and experience to problem solving in any of the human dimensions (past, present, and future). Practicing Anthropologists include both full- and part-time practitioners (such as academically-based anthropologists) who accept assignments and provide professional services to social service organizations, governmental agencies, business and industrial firms, and other clients. This book will assist individuals and departmental groups to create and maintain programs that educate and train practicing anthropologists.