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  3. The rise and fall of freedom of contract

The rise and fall of freedom of contract

P. S Atiyah
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  • Contents

  • Reviews

  • Frontmatter
  • 1. INTRODUCTION (page 1)
  • PART I. THE BEGINNINGS OF FREEDOM OF CONTRACT: THE STORY TO 1770
  • 2. THE CONDITION OF ENGLAND IN 1770 (page 11)
    • The Political Background (page 11)
    • The Machinery of Government (page 17)
    • The State of the Economy (page 24)
  • 3. THE INTELLECTUAL BACKGROUND IN 1770—I (page 36)
    • The Scope of Contractual Ideas (page 36)
    • The Social Contractarians (page 39)
  • 4. THE INTELLECTUAL BACKGROUND IN 1770—II (page 61)
    • The Relics of Mediaeval Thought (page 61)
    • The Role of Government and of the Individual (page 67)
    • Harbingers of the New Age (page 69)
    • The New Morality (page 78)
    • Freedom of Property (page 85)
  • 5. THE LEGAL BACKGROUND IN 1770 (page 91)
    • Parliament, the Courts, and Law-Making (page 91)
    • Property and the Transition to Contract (page 102)
    • The Law and Economic Liberalism (page 112)
  • 6. CONTRACT LAW AND THEORY IN 1770—I (page 139)
    • Promises, Consideration, and Evidence (page 139)
    • The Evidentiary Role of Promises (page 154)
    • The Fair Exchange (page 167)
    • Benefit and Quasi-Contract (page 181)
    • Detrimental Reliance (page 184)
    • The Enforcement of Contractual Duties (page 189)
  • 7. CONTRACT LAW AND THEORY IN 1770—II (page 194)
    • The Executory Contract and the Role of Contract Law (page 194)
    • Executory Contracts, Damages, and the Independent Covenant Rule (page 208)
  • PART II. THE AGE OF FREEDOM OF CONTRACT: 1770-1870
  • 8. THE CONDITION OF ENGLAND, 1770-1870 (page 219)
    • Change (page 219)
    • Individualism and Collectivism (page 226)
  • 9. The Role of Government, 1770-1870 (page 238)
    • The Machinery of Government (page 238)
    • Lawyers and the Legislative Process (page 250)
  • 10. THE ROLE OF THE INDIVIDUAL, 1770-1870 (page 256)
    • Individualism (page 256)
    • Individualism and Education (page 266)
    • Individualism and Discipline (page 272)
    • Individualism and Self-Reliance (page 278)
    • The Competitive System of Rewards and Penalties (page 283)
    • Individualism and Egalitarianism (page 286)
  • 11. THE INTELLECTUAL BACKGROUND, 1770-1870—I (page 292)
    • Political Economy (page 292)
    • The Later Classical Economists (page 304)
  • 12. THE INTELLECUTAL BACKGROUND, 1770-1870—II (page 324)
    • Bentham, Utilitarianism, and Freedom of Contract (page 324)
    • Inequality, Redistribution, and the Slide to Collectivism (page 335)
    • An Age of Principles (page 345)
  • 13. THE LEGAL BACKGROUND, 1770-1780 (page 359)
    • Lawyers and the Courts (page 359)
    • Parliaments and the Courts (page 383)
    • The Rise of Formalism and the Decline of Equity (page 388)
  • 14. FREEDOM OF CONTRACT IN THE COURTS, 1770-1870—I (page 398)
    • Contract Law and the Free Market (page 398)
    • Will Theory and the Autonomy of Private Contract (page 405)
    • The Rise of the Executory Contract (page 419)
    • Consideration in the Search of a New Role (page 448)
  • 15. FREEDOM OF CONTRACT IN THE COURTS, 1770-1870—II (page 455)
    • The Decline of Reliance and Benefit (page 455)
    • Reliance (page 457)
    • Benefit (page 479)
    • The Emerging Law of Negligence (page 501)
  • 16. FREEDOM OF CONTRACT IN PARLIAMENT, 1770-1870 (page 506)
    • The Parliamentary Background (page 506)
    • The Law of Employment (page 523)
    • Consumer Protection (page 544)
    • Company Law (page 562)
  • PART III. THE DECLINE AND FALL OF FREEDOM OF CONTRACT: 1870-1970
  • 17. THE CONDITION OF ENGLAND, 1870-1970 (page 571)
    • The Consumer Society (page 572)
    • Democracy and Majority Rule (page 581)
    • The Arrival of the Mixed Economy (page 592)
    • The Rise of the Corporate State (page 596)
  • 18. THE INTELLECTUAL BACKGROUND, 1870-1970—I (page 602)
    • The New Economies (page 602)
    • Laissez-Faire and Freedom of Contract (page 613)
  • 19. THE INTELLECTUAL BACKGROUND, 1870-1970—II (page 627)
    • Individualism and the New Social Order (page 627)
    • The Rising Tide of Egalitarianism (page 631)
    • The Decline of Principles (page 649)
  • 20. THE LEGAL BACKGROUND, 1870-1970 (page 660)
    • The Separation of Law and Policy (page 660)
    • The Decline of Equity and the Rise of Discretion (page 671)
  • 21. THE DECLINE OF FREEDOM OF CONTRACT, 1870-1970 (page 681)
    • The Settling of Classical Contract Theory (page 681)
    • The Failure of Classical Law (page 693)
  • 22. THE WHEEL COME FULL CIRCLE (page 716)
    • The Decline of Contract (page 716)
    • The Decline of Free Choice and Consent (page 726)
    • The Resurgence of Benefit-based Liabilities (page 764)
    • The Resurgence of Reliance-based Liabilities (page 771)
    • The Need for a New Theory (page 778)
  • INDEX (page 781)
Reviews
Journal AbbreviationLabelURL
MAN 19.2 (Jun. 1984): 351 http://www.jstor.org/stable/2802316
ENHR 96.379 (Apr. 1981): 408-410 http://www.jstor.org/stable/568308
VS 25.3 (Spring. 1982): 386-388 http://www.jstor.org/stable/3827211
HIST 66.216 (1981): 80-82 http://www.jstor.org/stable/24417072
CALJ 39.2 (Nov. 1980): 396-397 http://www.jstor.org/stable/4506300
BJLS 8.2 (Winter. 1981): 277-280 http://www.jstor.org/stable/1409728
SLR 33.4 (Apr. 1981): 753-772 http://www.jstor.org/stable/1228540
AJLH 26.1 (Jan. 1982): 81-83 http://www.jstor.org/stable/844611
MILR 79.4 (Mar. 1981): 929-946 http://www.jstor.org/stable/1288324
MLWR 43.4 (Jul. 1980): 467-469 http://www.jstor.org/stable/1095323
YLJ 90.1 (Nov. 1980): 216-231 http://www.jstor.org/stable/795862
HLR 93.8 (Jun. 1980): 1858-1868 http://www.jstor.org/stable/1340627
OJLS 1.2 (Summer. 1981): 265-267 http://www.jstor.org/stable/764460
Citable Link
Published: 2003
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN(s)
  • 9780198255277 (paper)
  • 9780198253426 (hardcover)
Subject
  • Legal
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