Figure 1.1. Mean annual temperature and brachial index in selected modern populations, illustrating the trend toward shorter distal limb segments in colder environments

Figure 1.2. Effective temperature and the percentage of meat and fish in the diet among recent hunter-gatherers

Figure 1.3. Effective temperature and average distance of residential moves among recent hunter-gatherers with low dependence (≤20 percent) on aquatic foods

Figure 1.4. Contribution of hunting to diet and territory size (log square km) among recent hunter-gatherers

Figure 1.5. Effective temperature and technological complexity (measured in total "technounits" for food-getting technology) among selected recent hunter-gatherers

Figure 1.6. Patterns of adaptation to northern environments among recent hunter-gatherers

Figure 2.1. Map of Eastern Europe, illustrating modern political boundaries and major geographic features

Figure 2.2. Temperature in northern Eurasia expressed as number of days per year with temperatures above 0 degrees C

Figure 2.3. Oxygen-isotope stages and East European loess-soil stratigraphy

Figure 2.4. Paleolithic open-air site buried in loess-derived colluvium: Korman' IV in the Middle Dnestr Valley

Figure 2.5. Late Pleistocene loess and buried soil profiles for the East European Plain

Figure 2.6. Environments of the Last Interglacial climatic optimum (OIS 5e)

Figure 2.7. Environments of the Last Glacial Maximum (OIS 2)

Figure 3.1. Map of Middle Pleistocene sites in Eastern Europe

Figure 3.2. Treugol'naya Cave

Figure 3.3. Stone artifacts recovered from Treugol'naya Cave in the Northern Caucasus

Figure 3.4. Stratigraphy of Mikhailovskoe (left) and Khryashchi localities on the Northern Donets River

Figure 3.5. Flake cores recovered from the lower buried soil at Mikhailovskoe on the Northern Donets River

Figure 4.1. Map of Late Pleistocene Mousterian sites in Eastern Europe

Figure 4.2. Topographic setting of Mousterian sites in the Middle Dnestr Valley