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The Chadwell St Mary Ringwork: A late Bronze Age and Anglo-Saxon settlement in southern Essex
Andrew A. S. Newton
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Chadwell St Mary is a village in the unitary authority of Thurrock, in southern Essex. This part of the county contains a high proportion of prehistoric settlement. This volume describes the archaeological excavation of a site to the east of Chadwell St Mary and the late Bronze Age and Anglo-Saxon settlements that were recorded there. The Bronze Age settlement contains a ringwork or ‘Springfield style enclosure’, relatively rare sites with a restricted geographical distribution, and is significant because of its proximity to the similar site at Mucking. This volume examines the function of such enclosures, their significance in the landscape of southern Essex, and looks, in general, at our current understanding of the utilisation of the Bronze Age landscape. The small Anglo-Saxon settlement is of significance due to its potential relationship with the larger contemporary settlement at Mucking. The book examines Anglo-Saxon structures and settlement form and layout.
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Cover
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Title Page
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Copyright
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Of Related Interest
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Acknowledgements
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Contents
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List of Figures
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List of Plates
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List of Tables
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Contributors
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1. Introduction
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Circumstances of the project
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The site
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The known archaeology and history of the surrounding area
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Prehistoric (c.700,000 BC – AD 43)
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Romano-British (AD 43–410)
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Anglo-Saxon (AD 411–1065)
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Medieval (AD 1066–1539)
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Post-medieval (AD 1540–1900)
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Previous archaeological work at Mill House Farm
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Aerial photographic assessment
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Archaeological evaluation
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Palaeo-environmental and geo-archaeological Assessment
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2. The excavation
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Excavation methodology
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Research aims of the excavation
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Deposit model
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Dating and phasing
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Phase 1. Palaeolithic deposits
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Introduction
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Geoarchaeological analysis
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The flint
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Potential Mesolithic to early Neolithic artefacts
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Phase 2. Early Bronze Age (Fig. 5)
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Pit F9971
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The Early Bronze Age pottery
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Late Neolithic to early Bronze Age flint
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Phase 3. Late Bronze Age (Fig. 6)
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Introduction
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The ring-ditch and features within its circuit
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The Phase 3 ditch system
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Phase 3 potential structures and other feature groups
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The late Bronze Age pottery
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Methodology
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The late Bronze Age Pottery from Mill House Farm
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Fabric Types
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Form Types
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Catalogue of Form Types and Illustrated Vessels
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Distribution and pottery groups
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Discussion
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The fired clay
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Methodology
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Fired Clay Fabric Types
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The Perforated Clay Plates
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Clay Bars and Pedestals
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Loom Weights
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Fired Clay Lining
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Distribution and Discussion
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Phase 4. Romano-British (Fig. 15)
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Pit F9389
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The Roman Pottery
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Phase 5. The Anglo-Saxon settlement (Fig. 16)
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Introduction
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Ditch F8251
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The post-built structure
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The Sunken-featured buildings
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Other Anglo-Saxon period features
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Undated but potentially Anglo-Saxon feature group
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Post-Roman pottery
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Phase 6. Medieval activity (Fig. 18)
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Medieval features
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The medieval pottery
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Phase 7. Post-medieval (Fig. 19)
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Post-medieval features
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The post-medieval pottery
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Phase 8. Modern feature
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Undated Features (Fig. 20)
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3. The small finds
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Catalogue
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Commentary
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4. Environmental Analysis
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Cremated bone
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Quantification, provenance and preservation
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Analysis and results
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Discussion
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The Archaeobotanical analysis
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Introduction
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Research aims and objectives
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Methods
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Results
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Phase 2 - Early Bronze Age (2100–1700 BC)
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Phase 3 - late Bronze Age (c.1300–750 BC)
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Phase 4 - Romano-British (AD43-AD410)
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Phase 5 - Anglo-Saxon (AD410-AD850)
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Phase 6 - Medieval (AD1150-AD1500)
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Undated features
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Discussion
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Phase 3 - Late Bronze Age to early Iron Age (c.1300–500 BC)
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Phase 5 - Anglo-Saxon (AD410-AD850)
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Conclusions
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5. Discussion
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The evidence for early Prehistoric activity in the vicinity of Mill House Farm
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Activity in the early Bronze Age
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The late Bronze Age settlement
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Introduction
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Dating and development of the Phase 3 site
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Enclosures and ditches
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Structural evidence
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Artefactual and economic evidence
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Evidence for ritual or symbolic behaviour
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The Phase 3 site in summary
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The site in relation to known Roman occupation of the Chadwell St Mary area
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The Anglo-Saxon settlement
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Introduction
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The structural evidence
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Settlement form and layout
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The Anglo-Saxon population and the past
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The Anglo-Saxon Economy
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The wider Anglo-Saxon landscape
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Later Activity
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Bibliography
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Back Cover
Citable Link
Published: 2020
Publisher: BAR Publishing
- 9781407356754 (ebook)
- 9781407356747 (paperback)
BAR Number: B654
- Excavation / Fieldwork / Survey
- Archaeozoology / Bioarchaeology / Osteoarchaeology
- Multiperiod
- Landscape Archaeology
- Trade / Exchange / Travel / Economy
- Lithics / Stone Tools
- British Isles
- Migration Period, Early Medieval and Medieval
- Agriculture / Farming / Husbandry / Land-use / Irrigation
- Architecture / Domestic and Urban Buildings and Space / Urbanism
- Archaeobotany / Environment and Climate
- Bronze Age and Iron Age