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  3. The Apocalypse in Reformation Nuremberg: Jews and Turks in Andreas Osiander's World

The Apocalypse in Reformation Nuremberg: Jews and Turks in Andreas Osiander's World

Andrew L. Thomas
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  • Overview

  • Contents

Lutheran preacher and theologian Andreas Osiander (1498–1552) played a critical role in spreading the Lutheran Reformation in sixteenth-century Nuremberg. Besides being the most influential ecclesiastical leader in a prominent German city, Osiander was also a well-known scholar of Hebrew. He composed what is considered to be the first printed treatise by a Christian defending Jews against blood libel. Despite Osiander's importance, however, he remains surprisingly understudied. The Apocalypse in Reformation Nuremberg: Jews and Turks in Andreas Osiander's World is the first book in any language to concentrate on his attitudes toward both Jews and Turks, and it does so within the dynamic interplay between his apocalyptic thought and lived reality in shaping Lutheran identity. Likewise, it presents the first published English translation of Osiander's famous treatise on blood libel. Osiander's writings on Jews and Turks that shaped Lutherans' identity from cradle to grave in Nuremberg also provide a valuable mirror to reflect on the historical antecedents to modern antisemitism and Islamophobia and thus elucidate how the related stereotypes and prejudices are both perpetuated and overcome.
  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Dedication
  • Contents
  • Acknowledgments
  • Illustrations
  • Chronology
  • Introduction
  • 1. Kabbalistic Encounters
  • 2. Jewish Mirrors I
  • 3. Jewish Mirrors II
  • 4. Turkish Mirrors I
  • 5. Turkish Mirrors II
  • 6. Blood Libel
  • Conclusion
  • Appendix
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
  • Index
Citable Link
Published: 2022
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
ISBN(s)
  • 978-0-472-22062-5 (ebook)
  • 978-0-472-13320-8 (hardcover)
Subject
  • History:German History
  • German Studies
  • Medieval and Renaissance Studies

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A cityscape view of Nuremberg showing the main buildings such as the prominent churches and houses as well as the city wall.

Nuremberg

From Chapter 4

Fig. 1. Workshop of Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff, Nuremberg, from Hartmann Schedel, The Nuremberg Chronicle Liber Chronicarum. Woodcut. (Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.)

The four horsemen of the Apocalypse. The first rider wears Turkish headgear and shoots a bow, the second rider wears Turkish headgear and holds a sword, the third rider holds a scale, and the fourth rider holds a trident.

Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

From Chapter 5

Fig. 2. Albrecht Dürer, The Four Horsemen, from the Apocalypse (1498). Woodcut. (Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.)

The Roman emperor Domitian wears Ottoman clothing and condemns St. John to death. St. John is in a pose of devotion while onlookers await his execution in a cauldron of boiling water.

Martyrdom of St. John

From Chapter 5

Fig. 3. Albrecht Dürer, Martyrdom of St. John, from the Apocalypse (1498; reproduction from 3rd ed., 1511). Woodcut. (Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.)

One figure in Ottoman clothing is standing with others near the shore and bows to a sea monster with seven heads as described in the Book of Revelation. Above in the air are depicted God and angels.

The Beast with Seven Heads

From Chapter 5

Fig. 4. Albrecht Dürer, The Beast with Seven Heads, from the Apocalypse (1498; reproduction from 3rd ed., 1511). Woodcut. (Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.)

A woman representing the Whore of Babylon rides a beast as described in the Book of Revelation. One of the people looking at the Whore of Babylon is dressed in Ottoman clothing. There are angels in the sky.

The Whore of Babylon

From Chapter 5

Fig. 5. Albrecht Dürer, The Whore of Babylon from the Apocalypse (1498). Woodcut. (Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.)

An Ottoman Turkish soldier on horseback with a captive Christian family expressing grief and being led away. The soldier also has a child on a pike.

A Turk with Two Prisoners

From Chapter 5

Fig. 6. Erhard Schön, Turkish Rider with Christian Captives, with verses by Hans Sachs (Nuremberg: Guldenmund, 1529). Woodcut. (Wikimedia Commons.)

Several Jewish men torture the naked body of Simon of Trent on a table and kill him for his blood. There is a pan with his blood flowing into it.

Simon of Trent

From Chapter 6

Fig. 7. Workshop of Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff, Simon of Trent, from Hartmann Schedel, The Nuremberg Chronicle Liber Chronicarum. Woodcut. (Courtesy of the Art Institute of Chicago.)

A man carries wood to a large fire where many Jews are being burned to death. The woodcut shows the faces of several Jews in the flames.

Burning of the Jews

From Chapter 6

Fig. 8. Workshop of Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff, Burning of the Jews, from Hartmann Schedel, The Nuremberg Chronicle Liber Chronicarum. Woodcut. (Courtesy of the Leo Baeck Institute, New York.)

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