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The Paiján People: Burials and Paleoindian human remains from coastal Peru
Jean-Paul Lacombe and Claude Chauchat
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From 1972 to 1997, archaeological research was undertaken on open air early sites on the north coast of Peru (Cupisnique region: about 7°30 south latitude). These sites contained lithic tools and faunal remains belonging to the Paiján tradition, dating from around 13000 to around 8000 cal BP. In this desert space between the Pacific Ocean and the Andes, superficial sites contained knapped lithics (projectile points and ordinary tools on flakes) and microfaunal remains such as land snails, fish and lizards. After discovering human remains eroding out of the surface, a French-Peruvian team including archaeologist Claude Chauchat and bio-anthropologist Jean-Paul Lacombe excavated a total of 19 burials associated with this Paiján tradition. This book presents a detailed description of these remains, yielding information about these foragers’ physical constitution as well as their lifestyle. These remains are also compared with several other populations from coastal Peru, remains from the highland caves, and other findings from South and north America dating from the Pleistocene - Holocene transition.
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Cover
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Title page
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Copyright page
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Of Related Interest
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Acknowledgements
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Contents
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List of Figures
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List of Tables
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Abstract
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1. The Paiján lithic complex
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1.1 Phases of research at Cupisnique
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1.2 Issues
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1.3 Main results
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2. Methods
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2.1 Archaeological and taphonomic methods
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2.2 Biometric methods
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2.2.1 Angle classification (Muller 1983)
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2.2.2 Tweed classification (Muller, 1983)
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2.2.3 Determining sex
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2.2.4 Determining the age at death
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2.3 Statistical Analyses
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2.3.1 Objectives, methods and reference groups
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2.4 Correspondence factor analysis
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2.4.1 Principles
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2.4.2 Additional variables
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2.4.3 Dealing with missing values
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3. First discoveries: Moche Valley and Pampa de los Fósiles
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3.1 Quirihuac (Moche valley)
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3.2 Pampa de los Fósiles
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4. The Cupisnique quebrada
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4.1 Cupisnique quebrada 62
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4.1.1 Paiján 8 burial (U. 1, t. 1)
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4.1.2 Paiján 9 burial (U. 2, t. 1)
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4.2 Cupisnique quebrada 63
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4.2.1 Paiján 10 burial (U. 2, t. 2)
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4.2.2 Paiján 11 burial (U. 3, t. 1)
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4.2.3 Paiján 12 burial (U. 4, t. 1)
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4.2.4 Paiján 13 burial (U 4, t. 2)
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4.2.5 Paiján 14 human remains (U. 2, t. 1)
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4.2.6 Paiján 17 human remains (U. 1, t 1)
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4.2.7 Paiján 20 human remains (U. 2, t. 3)
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5. The Santa María quebrada
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5.1 Santa María quebrada 130
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5.1.1 Paiján 6 human remains (U. 2, t. 2)
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5.1.2 Paiján 7 burial (U. 2, t. 1)
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5.2 Santa María quebrada 150
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5.2.1 Paiján 15 human remains (U. 5, t. 1)
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5.3 Santa María quebrada 188
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5.3.1 Paiján 5 burial (U. 2, t. 1)
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5.4 Santa María quebrada 198
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5.4.1 Paiján 16 burial (U. 1, t. 1)
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5.4.2 Paiján 18 human remains (U. 1, t. 3)
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5.4.3 Paiján 19 human remains (U.1, t. 5)
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6. General Biological and Cultural Data of the Paiján People
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6.1 Funerary rituals
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6.1.1 Cardinal orientation of the burials
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6.1.2 Position of the buried corpses
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6.1.3 Shape of the burial pit
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6.1.4 Traces of charcoal
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6.1.5 Shrouds, restraints and dyes
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6.2 Morphology of the Paiján People
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6.2.1 Cranial morphology
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6.2.2 Other craniofacial diameters
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6.2.3 Prognathism
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6.2.4 Cranial capacity
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6.2.5 Body morphology of the Paiján humans
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6.2.6 Pathological elements and lifestyle
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7. Other early human remains from Peru
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7.1 Tablada de Lurín (M. Cardenas’ and K. Makowski’s excavations)
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7.2 Huaca Prieta (J. Bird’s excavations)
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7.3 Lauricocha (A. Cardich’s excavations)
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7.4 Integration of these three sites in the preceramic Paiján context
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8. Statistical studies: Analysis of variance and correspondence analysis
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8.1 Interpretation of results
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9. Conclusion
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10. References
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Back cover
Citable Link
Published: 2023
Publisher: BAR Publishing
- 9781407361215 (paper)
- 9781407361222 (ebook)
BAR Number: S3156