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Étude du matériel de Hulbuk (Mā wārā'al-nahr-Khuttal), de la conquête islamique jusqu'au milieu du XI e siècle (90/712-441/1050): Contribution à l'étude de la céramique islamique d'Asie centrale
M. Pierre Siméon
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This study sets forth a typological classification of hitherto undocumented ceramic artefacts from the Hulbuk excavation site (south east of Tadjikistan, Kuliob district). This material from the ninth to the mid-eleventh century, collected from 1953 to 1978 by the Russian-Tadjik campaigns, mainly comes from the citadel, some wells located in the lower part of the city and from one or two kilns. Concentrating on this site – the capital of Khuttal – the author focuses on the material culture of the Turkish-Iranian dynasty. Previous research in this area has not been on the same scale as that undertaken in mediaeval Central Asia (West to East Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kirghizstan and South Kazakhstan). The chronological period in question is rich in technical innovations and decorative creations. The ninth century saw the beginning of the development of glazed pottery. Under the Abbasids, considerable advances were made in science, in particular chemistry, and this led to the emergence of techniques, such as glaze, which modified the ceramic craft. In Part 1, the author examines specific aspects of the geography and history of Central Asia at the beginning of medieval period (the eighth to the eleventh century) to shed light on the extent to which this vast central-Asian area was physically and ideologically conquered. Regarding the Arab-Islamic conquest of this area, the study shows as far as is possible how a new culture and religion penetrated these countries, presenting also the influence of Near-East dynasties and the gradual lack of control of the caliph on local dynasties. Contacts and political tensions with China and tribal Turks are also taken into consideration. For the ceramic study (Part 2), the author puts in place a typology according to: fabric and shape for glazed and unglazed pottery; the nature of the glaze and decoration; and additives in the glaze-ware. This research offers an important ceramics corpus in a new typo-morphology, of interest to historians and archaeologists working on central-Asian Islamic pottery. Part 3 deals with the technical particularities of this geographical area, presenting a typology of ceramics produced in Hulbuk, and highlighted specific elements required for the manufacture of pottery (moulds), including placing and firing the pottery in the kiln. Part 4 deals briefly with the distribution of glazed and unglazed types of mains ceramics and commercial paths according to the historical sources.
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Front Cover
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Title Page
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Copyright
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Remerciements
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Table des matières
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Introduction générale
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PREMIÈRE PARTIE : PRÉSENTATION GÉOGRAPHIQUE ET HISTORIQUE DE L’ASIE CENTRALE A LA PÉRIODE MÉDIÉVALE (VIIIe-XIe SIÈCLES)
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1.1 L’ASIE CENTRALE CONTEMPORAINE, GÉOGRAPHIE ET CLIMAT
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1.2. LES DIVISIONS GÉOGRAPHIQUES DE L’ASIE CENTRALE A LA PÉRIODE MÉDIÉVALE: LE KHURĀSĀN, LE KHWĀRAZM, LE MĀ WARĀ’ AL-NAHR ET AUTRES RÉGIONS SECONDAIRES
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1.3. LE CADRE HISTORIQUE
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1.4. Hulbuk ; ville du Khuttal entre Ma wārā’ al-nahr et Khurāsān
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Conclusion
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DEUXIÈME PARTIE : CLASSEMENT TYPOLOGIQUE ET ÉTUDE COMPARATIVE DE LA CÉRAMIQUE DE HULBUK
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2.1. PROCÉDURES UTILISÉES SUR LE TERRAIN
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2.2. MÉTHODES ET OBJECTIFS CONCERNANT L’ÉTUDE DE LA CÉRAMIQUE
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2.3. LE TRAVAIL COMPARATIF D’APRES LES PUBLICATIONS
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2.4. CÉRAMIQUE NON GLAÇURÉE : TYPES NG1 A NG20
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2.5. CÉRAMIQUE GLAÇURÉE : TYPES G1 A G14
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TROISIÈME PARTIE: POUR UNE CONTRIBUTION A L’HISTOIRE DES MATÉRIAUX ET DES TECHNIQUES DE LA CÉRAMIQUE ISLAMIQUE D’ASIE CENTRALE
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3.1. HULBUK, ATELIER PRODUCTEUR
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3.2. CARACTÉRISTIQUES TECHNIQUES : ÉTAT DE LA QUESTION
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3.3. Les fours de potiers en asie centrale à la période islamique: bref État de la question
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QUATRIÈME PARTIE: VERS UNE MEILLEURE COMPRÉHENSION DES DATATIONS ET DE LA RÉPARTITION DES CÉRAMIQUES MÉDIÉVALES EN ASIE CENTRALE
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4.2. VOIES DE CIRCULATION ET DE COMMERCE A TRAVERS L’ASIE CENTRALE, VERS UNE MEILLEURE COMPREHENSION DE LA REPARTITION DE LA CERAMIQUE
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CONCLUSION GÉNÉRALE
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CINQUIÈME PARTIE: CARTES ET ILLUSTRATIONS
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TERMINOLOGIE ET ORGANIGRAMMES
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GÉNÉALOGIE, BĀNIDJŪRIDES, SĀMĀNIDES, GHAZNAWIDES, QARAKHĀNIDES
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PLANCHES (pl. 1 à 145)
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LÉGENDES DES PLANCHES
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PRÉSENTATION DES INDICES DE PRODUCTION SUR LE SITE DE HULBUK
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RÉFÉRENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES
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4.1. DISCUSSION GÉNÉRALE SUR LA DATATION DES TYPES DE CÉRAMIQUES PRÉSENTS A HULBUK ET AU MĀ WARĀ’ AL-NAHR
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Summary
Citable Link
Published: 2009
Publisher: BAR Publishing
- 9781407304250 (paperback)
- 9781407334608 (ebook)
BAR Number: S1945