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Electoral Reform and the Fate of New Democracies: Lessons from the Indonesian Case
Sarah Shair-RosenfieldWhen and why do democratic political actors change the electoral rules, particularly regarding who is included in a country's political representation? The incidences of these major electoral reforms have been on the rise since 1980.
Electoral Reform and the Fate of New Democracies argues that elite inexperience may constrain self-interest and lead elites to undertake incremental approaches to reform, aiding the process of democratic consolidation. Using a multimethods approach, the book examines three consecutive periods of reform in Indonesia, the world's largest Muslim majority country and third largest democracy, between 1999 and 2014. Each case study provides an in-depth process tracing of the negotiations leading to new reforms, including key actors in the legislature, domestic civil society, international experts, and government bureaucrats. A series of counterfactual analyses assess the impact the reforms had on actual election outcomes, versus the possible alternative outcomes of different reform options discussed during negotiations. With a comparative analysis of nine cases of iterated reform processes in other new democracies, the book confirms the lessons from the Indonesian case and highlights key lessons for scholars and electoral engineers.
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Cover
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Title Page
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Copyright Page
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Contents
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Abbreviations
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Acknowledgments
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Part I: Setting Up the Puzzle
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One. Why Reform in New Democracies?
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Two. Constrained Strategies: The Effects of Inexperience and Time
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Part II: Lessons from the Indonesian Experience
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Three. Indonesian Democratization and the Party System
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Four. Early Stage Reforms in a Period of High Inexperience, 1999–2004
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Five. Reforms under Declining Inexperience and Modest Temporal Constraints, 2004–9
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Six. Reforms under Severe Temporal Constraints, 2009 and Beyond
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Part III: Exploring Iterated Reforms in Comparative Context
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Seven. Changing Rules and Incentives in New Democracies
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Eight. Extensions and Implications: Lessons for Scholars, Reformers, and Advisers
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Appendixes
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Appendix A. Referenced Interviews
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Appendix B. Reform Codes by Case and Observation
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Appendix C. Additional Iterated Electoral Reform Cases
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Footnotes
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Bibliography
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Index
- 978-0-472-12585-2 (ebook)
- 978-0-472-13150-1 (hardcover)