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Fairy Tales from Before Fairy Tales: The Medieval Latin Past of Wonderful Lies
Jan M. ZiolkowskiWhen did fairy tales begin? What qualifies as a fairy tale? Is a true fairy tale oral or literary? Or is a fairy tale determined not by style but by content? To answer these and other questions, Jan M. Ziolkowski not only provides a comprehensive overview of the theoretical debates about fairy tale origins but includes an extensive discussion of the relationship of the fairy tale to both the written and oral sources. Ziolkowski offers interpretations of a sampling of the tales in order to sketch the complex connections that existed in the Middle Ages between oral folktales and their written equivalents, the variety of uses to which the writers applied the stories, and the diverse relationships between the medieval texts and the expressions of the same tales in the "classic" fairy tale collections of the nineteenth century. In so doing, Ziolkowski explores stories that survive in both versions associated with, on the one hand, such standards of the nineteenth-century fairy tale as the Brothers Grimm, Hans Christian Andersen, and Carlo Collodi and, on the other, medieval Latin, demonstrating that the literary fairy tale owes a great debt to the Latin literature of the medieval period.
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Cover
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Title
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Copyright
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Dedication
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Contents
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List of Abbreviations
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Acknowledgments
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Introduction
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ONE Folktales in Medieval Latin Poetry
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TWO Between Sacred Legend and Folktale A Whale of a Story about a Tenth-Century Fisherman
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THREE A Cautionary Tale Little Red Riding Hood in the 1020s
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FOUR True Lies and the Growth of Wonder An Eleventh-Century “Little Claus and Great Claus”
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FIVE The Wonder of The Turnip Tale (ca. 1200)
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SIX The Reorientation of The Donkey Tale (ca. 1200)
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Conclusion Sadly Never After
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APPENDIX
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ONE Man Swallowed by Fish (ATU 1889G)
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A. The “Great Fish” in the Book of Jonah (Rheims-Douay)
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B. Letaldus of Micy, About a Certain Fisherman Whom a Whale Swallowed
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C. Rudolph Erich Raspe, Baron Munchausen: Narrative of His Marvellous Travels (1785), Chapter 8
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D. Hisperica famina B, Lines 157–217, and Letaldus’s Poem: Source and Influence, or Parallels?
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TWO Truths and Lies
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A. “The Wish-Goat” (“Wunschbock”; ATU 1960A)
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B. “Lantfrid and Cobbo” (Carmina Cantabrigiensia 6)
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C. “Modus Liebinc,” or “The Song to the Liebo Tune” (Carmina Cantabrigiensia 14; ATU 1362 “The Snow-Child”)
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D. “Modus florum,” or “The Song to the Flowers Tune” (Carmina Cantabrigiensia 15; ATU 852 “The Lying Contest”)
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E. “The False Prophet and Archbishop Heriger of Mainz: Otherworldly Voyages to Hell and Heaven, This-Worldly Punishment” (Carmina Cantabrigiensia 24)
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F. “The Priest in the Pit” (Carmina Cantabrigiensia 35) 262 G. “Little John” (Carmina Cantabrigiensia 42)
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THREE One-Ox: The Rich and the Poor Peasant (ATU 1535)
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A. One-Ox (Unibos)
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B. The Story of the Peasant Campriano (Storia di Campriano contadino)
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C. Straparola, “Father Scarpafico” (Le piacevoli notti,Night 1, Fable 3)
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D. Brothers Grimm, “About the Tailor Who Became Rich Quickly” (BP 2:1–3)
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E. Brothers Grimm, “The Little Farmer” (“Das Bürle” [KHM 61])
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F. “Kibitz”
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G. Hans Christian Andersen, “Little Claus and Great Claus”
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H. List of Folk-Literature Motifs in One-Ox
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FOUR The Turnip Tale: Two Presents for the King (ATU 1689A)
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A. The Turnip Tale [1] (Rapularius “frivola”)
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B. The Turnip Tale [2] (Rapularius “prodiga”)
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C. Brothers Grimm, “The Turnip” (“Die Rübe” [KHM 146])
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FIVE The Donkey Tale: The Ass (ATU 430)
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A. The Donkey Tale (Asinarius)
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B. “The Story of Vikramāditya’s Birth”
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C. Brothers Grimm, “The Donkey” (“Das Eselein” [KHM 144])
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D. Straparola, “King Pig” (Le piacevoli notti, Night 2, Fable 1)
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E. Brothers Grimm, “Hans My Hedgehog” (“Hans Mein Igel” [KHM 108])
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Notes
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Bibliography
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Indexes
- 978-0-472-02522-0 (ebook)
- 978-0-472-03379-9 (paper)