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  3. Memetic Rhetorics: Toward a Toolkit for Ethical Meming

Memetic Rhetorics: Toward a Toolkit for Ethical Meming

Erika M. Sparby
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  • Overview

  • Contents

  • Funder Information

Memes are omnipresent online and have become an increasingly important facet of not only the field of digital rhetorics, but of pop culture in general. What appear to be little more than funny images with a punchline, however, are actually powerful vehicles for culture and ideology. In Memetic Rhetorics, Erika M. Sparby untangles some of the complexities of memes by determining how memes function rhetorically in our society, examining rhetorical ethical considerations, highlighting how memes fuel cultural ideology, and finding ways to reveal and reject uncritical memetic behaviors. Through this careful look at the rhetoric and ethics of memes, Memetic Rhetorics demonstrates that memes manipulate and reflect culture and ideology and thus shape our identities and our world.
  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright
  • Dedication
  • Contents
  • List of Figures
  • Acknowledgments
  • Chapter 1. The Need for a Rhetorical Ethical Memetic Toolkit
  • Chapter 2. The Elements of a Memetic Rhetorical Toolkit—The Secret to a Successful Meme
  • Chapter 3. Memetic Screens and Signaling Belonging in and Drawing Boundaries for Feminist and Queer Digital Spaces
  • Chapter 4. An Ethical Framework for Memes and Privacy
  • Chapter 5. Countermeming to Flip Memetic Gender Narratives: The Case of Fake Geek Girl
  • Conclusion: Toward an Ethical Rhetorical Meme Pedagogy
  • References
  • Index
The publisher gratefully acknowledges the support of the Sweetland Center for Writing in making this book possible.
Citable Link
Published: 2023
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license
ISBN(s)
  • 978-0-472-90309-2 (open access)
Series
  • Sweetland Digital Rhetoric Collaborative
Subject
  • Media Studies:New Media

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Meme depicts a happy looking golden retriever’s head with a colorful pinwheel background. In Impact font, top text reads, “EAT MUSHROOMS,” and bottom text reads, “THEY MADE MARIO GROW.”

Advice Dog

From Chapter 1

Advice Dog, early image macro meme

Screencap of my questions to Brad Kim during his Q&A on Facebook: “Is there an ethic of meming? If not, should there be? What would/does that look like? Beyond copyright I mean, like, involving politics and disinformation, etc.”

Facebook Q&A with Brad Kim

From Chapter 1

Screencap of my questions to Brad Kim

Moving image of a 3D baby in a diaper dancing a cha-cha.

Dancing Baby

From Chapter 1

Dancing Baby

An older man is smiling and it looks pained and forced. Text above reads, “When ur enjoying the warm weather in December but deep down you know it’s because of global warming.”

Hide the Pain Harold

From Chapter 2

Hide the Pain Harold

An altered photo of the top half of a skeleton illustration with its mouth open. The head is superimposed in red over the left side of the image, while the skeleton is blurred. Text above reads, “When you try to caffeinate yourself and just end up increasing your heart rate with no changes in exhaustion.”

Meme about the ineffectiveness of caffeination

From Chapter 2

Wake Me Up (Can’t Wake Up)

Large moth at a windowsill. Text above reads, “Y’all got any fuckin lamps?” Text below reads, “Nah man, we're just trying to chill.”

Moth Lamp

From Chapter 2

Moth Lamp meme

A woman drinking a glass of orange juice. Words appear over the image: “me” on the woman’s head, “some orange juice” on the glass of orange juice, and “my hand” on the woman’s hand.

Ironic orange juice meme

From Chapter 2

Hyper ironic meme showing a very literal representation

Still of Hagrid from an old PlayStation game in the water with the word “water” superimposed over it. Accompanying text reads “ppl with 0 internet culture piss me off like ‘what are you laughing at on your phone’ How am i supposed to explain you why i find this funny.”

Meta ironic meme

From Chapter 2

Hyper ironic meme making fun of hyper ironic memes

Two memes on top of each other. Top meme is a baby with a puzzled look on its face; accompanying text reads, “You mean to tell me your real name isn’t mom.” Bottom meme shows a poorly rendered face on an egg-shaped head that is attached to a leg where the knee should be. The background is gradient purple to pink. The upper left-hand text reads, “You have been visited by the legg.” The bottom right-hand text reads “Enjoy your free cholesterol.” The word “cholesterol” appears in glitch text.

Meta hyper ironic meme

From Chapter 2

Hyper ironic meme comparing memes in 2012 and 2019

Crudely drawn angry face with text that reads “FFFFFFFFFFFFUUUUUUUUUUU-” to imitate someone about to drop the f-bomb.

Rage Guy

From Chapter 2

Rage Guy

Crudely drawn character with big eyes holding its hands over its mouth with tears streaming down its cheeks as if it is saying “aaawwww.”

Cutness Overload

From Chapter 2

Cuteness Overload

Crudely drawn face biting its bottom lip in a smirking attempt to contain laughter. The accompanying text reads “PFFTTCHHCHHPFFFTCHCH” to imitate barely contained laughter.

PFFFTTTCHH

From Chapter 2

PFFFTTTCHH

Classical painting of a man happily eating pasta noodles with his hands. Accompanying text above the image reads “Friend: Pasta is just empty carbs, you should stop eating it. Me:” with the implication that “me” refers to the image.

Me

From Chapter 2

Me meme

Retweet with original. Original tweet from NO CELLPHONE 2015 @GENICON reads, “Literally sitting here witnessing a girl take selfies of herself every three or four times she says ‘huzzah’ quietly.” Retweet from #rachelsyme @rachsyme reads, “It me.”

It me

From Chapter 2

It Me meme

Kim Davis speaking at a microphone. Top text reads, “Same-sex unions destroy the sanctity of marriage.” Bottom text reads, “My three ex-husbands say they agree with me.”

Meme ridiculing Kim Davis

From Chapter 2

Meme ridiculing Kim Davis

Kim Davis smiling. Top text reads, “She went to jail for Jesus.” Bottom text reads, “What will you do for Jesus? Free Kim Davis! Kentucky clerk.”

Meme supporting Kim Davis

From Chapter 2

Meme defending Kim Davis

Three stills. Top still is Thanos from The Avengers and the text reads, “Bring back an old meme.” Middle still is also a character from The Avengers saying, “But sir nobody will understand you.” Bottom still is Shia LaBeouf flexing his arms on a green screen. No text on this still.

Shia LaBeouf Just Do It remix

From Chapter 2

Shia LaBeouf Just Do It remix

Still of Jack Black from School of Rock in front of a blackboard with a convoluted schematic of text and arrows. Text reads, “When you laugh at a dumb meme and ur partner, who is not an internet person, asks what’s funny but it’s like a tier 3 meme and you gotta explain about 7 years of internet for them to understand the nuances.”

Meme about the intertextuality of memes

From Chapter 2

Meme about the intertextuality of memes

A blue and black dress.

The Dress

From Chapter 2

The Dress

Still of Willy Wonka from Willy Wonka and The Chocolate Factory. Top text reads, “The dress is white and gold?” Bottom text reads, “Please, do go on.”

Willy Wonka meme

From Chapter 2

Willy Wonka meme

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