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People's Wars in China, Malaya, and Vietnam

Marc Opper 2019 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license Funding is provided by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, as part of the Sustainable History Monograph Pilot
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People's Wars in China, Malaya, and Vietnam explains why some insurgencies collapse after a military defeat while under other circumstances insurgents are able to maintain influence, rebuild strength, and ultimately defeat the government. The author argues that ultimate victory in civil wars rests on the size of the coalition of social groups established by each side during the conflict. When insurgents establish broad social coalitions (relative to the incumbent), their movement will persist even when military defeats lead to loss of control of territory because they enjoy the support of the civilian population and civilians will not defect to the incumbent. By contrast, when insurgents establish narrow coalitions, civilian compliance is solely a product of coercion. Where insurgents implement such governing strategies, battlefield defeats translate into political defeats and bring about a collapse of the insurgency because civilians defect to the incumbent. The empirical chapters of the book consist of six case studies of the most consequential insurgencies of the 20th century including that led by the Chinese Communist Party from 1927 to 1949, the Malayan Emergency (1948–1960), and the Vietnam War (1960–1975). People's Wars breaks new ground in systematically analyzing and comparing these three canonical cases of insurgency. The case studies of China and Malaya make use of Chinese-language archival sources, many of which have never before been used and provide an unprecedented level of detail into the workings of successful and unsuccessful insurgencies. The book adopts an interdisciplinary approach and will be of interest to both political scientists and historians.
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ISBN(s)
  • 978-0-472-90125-8 (open access)
Subject
  • Asian Studies:South/Southeast Asia
  • History:Asian and Southeast Asian History
  • Political Science:International Relations
  • Asian Studies:China
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Table of Contents

  • Cover
  • Halftitle
  • Title
  • Copyright
  • CONTENTS
  • Acknowledgments
  • A Note on Romanization, Terms, Translation, Maps, and References
  • CHAPTER 1 Introduction
  • CHAPTER 2 A Theory of Rebel Institutional Persistence
  • CHAPTER 3 The Chinese Soviet Republic, 1931–1934
  • CHAPTER 4 The Three-­Year Guerrilla War, 1935–1937
  • CHAPTER 5 The Shanxi-­Chahar-­Hebei Border Region, 1937–1945
  • CHAPTER 6 The Shanxi-­Chahar-­Hebei Border Region, 1945–1949
  • CHAPTER 7 The Malayan Emergency, 1948–1960
  • CHAPTER 8 The Vietnam War, 1960–1975
  • CHAPTER 9 Fighting the People, Fighting for the People
  • Chinese and Vietnamese Appendix
  • Notes
  • Bibliography

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Map 1. The Chinese Soviet Republic, ca. 1933.

Map 1. The Chinese Soviet Republic, ca. 1933

From Front Matter

Map 1. The Chinese Soviet Republic, ca. 1933.

Map 2. The Three-Year War in the South, 1935–1937.

Map 2. The Three-Year War in the South, 1935–1937

From Front Matter

Map 2. The Three-Year War in the South, 1935–1937.

Map 3. The Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region, ca. 1943.

Map 3. The Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region, ca. 1943

From Front Matter

Map 3. The Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region, ca. 1943.

Map 4. The Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region, ca. 1946.

Map 4. The Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region, ca. 1946

From Front Matter

Map 4. The Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region, ca. 1946.

Map 5. The Malayan Emergency, 1951.

Map 5. The Malayan Emergency, 1951

From Front Matter

Map 5. The Malayan Emergency, 1951.

Map 6. The Vietnam War in Dinh Tuong Province, 1965.

Map 6. The Vietnam War in Dinh Tuong Province, 1965

From Front Matter

Map 6. The Vietnam War in Dinh Tuong Province, 1965.

Figure 2.1. Payoffs and Expected Costs of Collaboration with (or Defection to) Insurgents

Figure 2.1. Payoffs and Expected Costs of Collaboration with (or Defection to) Insurgents

From Chapter 2

Figure 2.1. Payoffs and Expected Costs of Collaboration with (or Defection to) Insurgents

Figure 2.2. Payoffs and Expected Costs of Collaboration with (or Defection to) Insurgents among Classes in Rural China

Figure 2.2. Payoffs and Expected Costs of Collaboration with (or Defection to) Insurgents among Classes in Rural China

From Chapter 2

Figure 2.2. Payoffs and Expected Costs of Collaboration with (or Defection to) Insurgents among Classes in Rural China

Figure 2.3. A Typology of Conflict Outcomes in Civil Wars

Figure 2.3. A Typology of Conflict Outcomes in Civil Wars

From Chapter 2

Figure 2.3. A Typology of Conflict Outcomes in Civil Wars

Figure 2.4. Causal Graph of the Effect of Coalition Size and Territorial Control on Institutional Persistence

Figure 2.4. Causal Graph of the Effect of Coalition Size and Territorial Control on Institutional Persistence

From Chapter 2

Figure 2.4. Causal Graph of the Effect of Coalition Size and Territorial Control on Institutional Persistence

Figure 2.5. Case Studies and Accompanying Values on Independent Variables (Shading Indicates Institutional Persistence)

Figure 2.5. Case Studies and Accompanying Values on Independent Variables (Shading Indicates Institutional Persistence)

From Chapter 2

Figure 2.5. Case Studies and Accompanying Values on Independent Variables (Shading Indicates Institutional Persistence)

Figure 2.6. Case Study Selection for Demonstrating External Validity (Shading Indicates Institutional Persistence)

Figure 2.6. Case Study Selection for Demonstrating External Validity (Shading Indicates Institutional Persistence)

From Chapter 2

Figure 2.6. Case Study Selection for Demonstrating External Validity (Shading Indicates Institutional Persistence)


Table 6.3. The Origins and Destinations of Redistributed Land in Villages in Yi, Tang, and Wan Counties

From Chapter 6

Table showing households from which land was taken, and households receiving land, across four villages

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