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Royal commentaries of the Incas, and general history of Peru, Vol. 1
Garcilaso de la Vega and H. V. Livermore
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Frontmatter
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Foreword by Arnold J. Toynbee (page vii)
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Introduction by Harold V. Livermore (page xv)
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PART ONE Royal Commentaries of the Incas
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To the Most Serene Princess (page 3)
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Preface to the Reader (page 4)
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Notes on the General Language of the Indians of Peru (page 5)
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BOOK ONE
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I Whether there are many worlds; it also treats of the five zones (page 9)
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II Whether there are antipodes (page 11)
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III How the New World was discovered (page 12)
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IV The derivation of the name Peru (page 15)
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V Authorities in confirmation of the name Peru (page 17)
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VI What a certain author says about the name Peru (page 19)
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VII Of other derivations of new names (page 21)
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VIII The description of Peru (page 26)
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IX The idolatry of the Indians and the gods they worshipped before the Incas (page 30)
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X The great variety of other gods they had (page 32)
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XI The kinds of sacrifices they made (page 33)
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XII The life and government of the ancient Indians, and the things they ate (page 35)
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XIII How they dressed in those ancient times (page 37)
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XIV Different kinds of marriage and diverse langauges; their use of poison and spells (page 38)
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XV The origin of the Inca kings of Peru (page 40)
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XVI The foundation of Cuzco, the imperial city (page 43)
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XVII The people subdued by the first Inca Manco Cápac (page 45)
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XVIII On some fabulous accounts of the origin of the Incas (page 47)
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XIX The author's declaration about his history (page 49)
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XX The villages the first Inca ordered to be founded (page 52)
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XXI The Inca's teachings to his vassals (page 53)
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XXII The honorable insignia that the Inca gave to his followers (page 55)
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XXIII Other more honorable insignia and the name Inca (page 56)
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XXIV The names and titles the Indians gave to their kings (page 59)
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XXV The testament and death of the Inca Manco Cápac (page 60)
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XXVI The royal names and their meanings (page 62)
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BOOK TWO
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I The idolatry of the second period and its origin (page 67)
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II The Incas glimpsed the true God, our Lord (page 70)
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III The Incas kept a ☩ in a sacred place (page 73)
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IV Of many gods wrongly attributed to the Indians by the Spanish historians (page 75)
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V Of many other meanings of the word Huaca (page 79)
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VI What an author says about their gods (page 81)
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VII They apprehended the immortality of the soul and the universal resurrection (page 84)
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VIII The things they sacrificed to the Sun (page 86)
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IX The priests, rites and ceremonies, and laws attributed to the first Inca (page 88)
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X The author compares what he has said with the statements of the Spanish historians (page 90)
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XI They divided the empire into four districts; they made a census of their subjects. (page 93)
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XII. Two duties performed by the decurions (page 94)
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XIII On certain laws the Incas had in their government (page 96)
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XIV The decurions gave an account of births and deaths (page 99)
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XV The Indians deny that an Inca of the blood royal has ever committed any crime (page 101)
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XVI The life and deeds of Sinchi Roca, the second Inca king (page 103)
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XVII Lloque Yupanqui, the third ruler, and the meaning of his name (page 106)
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XVIII Two conquests made by the Inca Lloque Yupanqui (page 107)
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XIX The conquest of Hatun Colla and the pride of the Collas (page 109)
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XX The great province of Chucuitu peacefully reduced; and many other provinces likewise (page 111)
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XXI The sciences known to the Incas: first, astrology (page 114)
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XXII They understood the measurement of the year, and the solstices and equinoxes (page 116)
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XXIII They observed eclipses of the sun, and what they did at eclipses of the moon (page 118)
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XXIV The medicines they had and their way of curing themselves (page 120)
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XXV The medicinal herbs they used (page 122)
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XXVI Their knowledge of geometry, geography, arithmetic, and music (page 124)
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XXVII The poetry of Inca amautas, or philosophers, and harauicus, or poets (page 126)
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XXVIII The few instruments used by the Indians for their crafts (page 130)
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BOOK THREE
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I Maita Cápac, the fourth Inca, conquers Tiahuanaco; the buildings there (page 137)
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II Hatunpacassa is reduced and Cac-Yaviri conquered (page 139)
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III Those who surrendered are pardoned; the explanation of the fable (page 141)
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IV Three provinces are reduced and others conquered; colonies are established; those who use poison are punished (page 143)
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V The Inca gains three provinces and wins a hard-fought battle (page 145)
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VI Those of Huaichu surrender; they are courteously pardoned (page 147)
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VII Many towns are reduced; the Inca orders the construction of a bridge of osiers (page 148)
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VIII Many tribes are reduced voluntarily to submission by the fame of the bridge (page 151)
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IX The Inca gains many other great provinces, and dies in peace (page 152)
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X Cápac Yupanqui, the fifth king, wins many provinces in Cuntisuyu (page 154)
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XI The conquest of the Aimaras [Umasuyus]; they forgive the curacas; they place landmarks on their boundaries (page 157)
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XII The Inca sends an army to conquer the Quechuas; they agree to submit (page 159)
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XIII They conquer many valleys on the seacoast, and punish sodomy (page 161)
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XIV Two great curacas bring their dispute to the Inca and become his subjects (page 164)
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XV They make a bridge of straw, reeds, and rushes over the Desaguadero; Chayanta is conquered (page 168)
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XVI Various devices used by the Indians for crossing rivers and fishing (page 171)
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XVII Of the conquest of five great provinces, besides other smaller ones (page 174)
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XVIII Prince Inca Roca reduces many great provinces, both inland and on the coast (page 176)
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XIX They take Indians from the seacoast to found colonies inland; the Inca Cápac Yupanqui dies (page 178)
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XX The description of the temple of the Sun and its great wealth (page 179)
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XXI The cloister of the temple and the dwelling places of the Moon, stars, thunder, lightning, and rainbow (page 181)
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XXII The name of the high priest, and other parts of the house (page 183)
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XXIII The places for sacrifices and the threshold where they took off their sandals to enter the temple; their fountains (page 185)
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XXIV The garden of gold and other riches of the temple, in imitation of which there are many others throughout the empire (page 187)
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XXV The famous temple of Titicaca and its fables and allegories (page 189)
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BOOK FOUR
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I The house of the virgins dedicated to the Sun (page 195)
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II The rules and duties of the chosen virgins (page 196)
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III The veneration they had for things made by the virgins and the law against those who might violate them (page 198)
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IV There were many other houses of chosen virgins; the strict application of their laws is proved (page 200)
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V The service and ornaments of the virgins; they were never given in marriage to anyone (page 202)
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VI The women who were favored by the Inca (page 203)
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VII Other women who preserved their virginity, and widows (page 204)
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VIII How they usually married and set up house (page 205)
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IX The heir to the throne married his sister; the reasons they gave for this (page 207)
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X Various ways of inheriting estates (page 208)
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XI The weaning, shearing, and naming of their children (page 210)
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XII They brought up their children without pampering them (page 212)
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XIII The life and duties of married women (page 214)
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XIV How women visited one another; how they kept their clothes; public women (page 215)
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XV Inca Roca, the sixth king, conquers many nations, among them the Chancas and Hancohuallu (page 217)
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XVI Price Yáhuar Huácac and the meaning of his name (page 220)
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XVII The idols of the Anti Indians and the conquest of the Charcas (page 222)
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XVIII The reasoning of their elders and how they received the Inca (page 224)
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XIX Some laws made by King Inca Roca; the schools he founded in Cuzco, and some of his sayings (page 226)
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XX The seventh king, the Inca "Weeping-Blood," his fears and his conquests, and the disgrace of the prince (page 227)
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XXI A warning given by an apparition to the prince to be conveyed to his father (page 230)
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XXII The discussions of the Incas about the apparition's message (page 232)
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XXIII The rebellion of the Chancas; their ancient deeds (page 233)
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XXIV The Inca abandons the city; the prince saves it (page 235)
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BOOK FIVE (page 238)
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I How they increased the agricultural land and divided it among their vassals (page 241)
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II Their system of agriculture; the festival of tilling the land assigned to the Inca and the Sun (page 243)
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III The quantity of soil given to each Indian, and how it was manured (page 245)
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IV How they shared water for irrigation; they punished idlers and slackers (page 248)
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V The tribute they paid the Inca and the reckoning of their bins (page 248)
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VI Clothing, footwear, and arms were supplied for the warriors (page 250)
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VII Gold, silver, and other objects of value were not offered as tribute, but as presents (page 253)
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VIII The storing of supplies and their use (page 255)
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IX They supplied clothing for their subjects; there were no beggars (page 257)
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X The system of stock-raising and division of the flocks; wild animals (page 260)
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XI The laws and ordinances of the Incas for the benefit of their vassals (page 261)
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XII How they conquered and civilized new vassals (page 264)
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XIII How they appointed officials for every kind of duty (page 267)
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XIV Their system of dealing with property, both public and private (page 269)
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XV How they paid their tribute, the amount of it, and the laws concerning it (page 272)
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XVI The system of collecting tribute; how the Inca rewarded the curacas for the precious objects they offered him (page 274)
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XVII Inca Viracocha has news of his enemies, and of assistance coming to him (page 276)
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XVIII A very bloody battle; it is won by a stratagem (page 279)
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XIX The liberality of Prince Inca Viracocha after the victory (page 282)
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XX The prince pursues the enemy, returns to Cuzco, has an interview with his father, and dispossesses him of his empire (page 284)
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XXI On the name Viracocha, and why it was applied to the Spaniards (page 287)
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XXII Inca Viracocha has a temple built in memory of his uncle, the phantom (page 290)
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XXIII A famous painting; the rewards given to the Inca's allies (page 292)
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XXIV New provinces subdued by the Inca; and an irrigation channel to water the grazing land (page 294)
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XXV The Inca visits his empire; ambassadors come and offer him their vassalage (page 297)
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XXVI The flight of the brave Hancohuallu from the Inca empire (page 300)
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XXVII Colonies settled on Hancohuallu's lands; the vale of Y'úcay described (page 302)
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XXVIII He names his first-born, and prophesies the coming of the Spaniards (page 304)
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XXIX The death of Inca Viracocha; the author saw his body (page 306)
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BOOK SIX
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I The fabric and adornment of the royal houses (page 313)
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II They copied all sorts of objects in gold and silver with which to adorn the royal palaces (page 315)
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III The accounts of the royal household; and those who carried the king's litter (page 318)
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IV Halls used as meeting places and other aspects of the royal palaces (page 320)
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V How the kings were buried; their obsequies lasted a year (page 323)
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VI The solemn hunting excursions made by the kings throughout the country (page 325)
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VII Posts and relays, and the messages they carried (page 328)
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VIII They counted by threads and knots; the accountants were extremely accurate (page 329)
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IX What they recorded in their accounts, and how these were read (page 331)
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X Inca Pachacútec visits his empire; he conquers the Huanca tribe (page 334)
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XI Other provinces won by the Inca; their customs and the punishment of sodomy (page 336)
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XII Buildings, laws, and new conquests made by Inca Pachacútec (page 338)
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XIII The Inca subdues the hostile provinces by hunger and military strategy (page 340)
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XIV The good curaca Huamanchucu, and how he was subdued (page 342)
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XV The people of Cajamarca resist, but eventually surrender (page 344)
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XVI The conquest of Yauyu, and triumph of the Incas, uncle and nephew (page 346)
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XVII Two valleys are subdued; Chincha replies arrogantly (page 349)
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XVIII The obstinacy of Chincha; its final surrender (page 351)
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XIX The ancient conquests and false boasting of the Chinchas (page 354)
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XX The principal feast of the Sun, and how they prepared for it (page 356)
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XXI They worshipped the Sun, went to his house, and sacrificed a lamb (page 358)
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XXII The auguries of their sacrifices, and the use of fire (page 361)
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XXIII How they drank to one another, and in what order (page 363)
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XXIV How the Incas were armed knights, and the tests they were submitted to (page 366)
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XXV They were required to know how to make their own arms and their shoes (page 368)
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XXVI The prince underwent the ordeal, and was treated more severely than the rest (page 370)
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XXVII The Inca awarded the insignia to the leading candidate, and a member of his family to the rest (page 372)
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XXVIII The insignia of the kings and other Incas, and the masters of the novices (page 374)
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XXIX The surrender of Chuquimancu, lord of four valleys (page 376)
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XXX The valleys of Pachacámac and Rímac, and their idols (page 379)
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XXXI They summon Cuismancu to capitulate; his answer and the terms (page 381)
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XXXII They go to conquer King Chimu; a cruel war is waged (page 385)
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XXXIII The obstinacy and misfortunes of the great Chimu, and how he surrendered (page 388)
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XXXIV The Inca aggrandizes his empire; his activities until his death (page 391)
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XXXV He increased the number of schools, and made laws for their good government (page 393)
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XXXVI Many other laws of Inca Pachacútec; his words of wisdom (page 395)
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BOOK SEVEN
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I The Incas established colonies; they had two languages (page 401)
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II The heirs of chiefs were brought up at court; the reasons for this (page 404)
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III The language of the court (page 406)
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IV The usefulness of the language of the court (page 409)
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V The third solemn festival in honor of the sun (page 412)
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VI The fourth festival; the fasts; and their way of purging their ills (page 413)
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VII A nocturnal rite for expelling ills from the city (page 415)
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VIII The description of the imperial city of Cuzco (page 417)
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IX The city contained the description of the whole empire (page 421)
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X The site of the schools, that of three royal palaces, and that of the chosen virgins (page 425)
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XI The wards and houses to the west of the stream (page 428)
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XII Two donations made by the city for charitable purposes (page 431)
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XIII King Inca Yupanqui seeks to make a conquest (page 434)
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XIV The events of the expedition to Musu until its completion (page 435)
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XV Traces found of this expedition (page 438)
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XVI Other unfortunate occurrences in the same province (page 440)
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XVII The Chirihuana tribe, its life and customs (page 442)
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XVIII Preparations for the conquest of Chile (page 445)
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XIX The Incas win the regions as far as the valley called Chile; the messages and replies they exchanged with other new tribes (page 447)
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XX A cruel battle between the Incas and other tribes; the first Spaniard who discovered Chile (page 449)
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XXI The rebellion of Chile against Governor Valdivia (page 451)
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XXII A new order of battle; the stratagem of the old Indian captain (page 453)
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XXIII The Indians prevail owing to a treacherous plan executed by one of their number (page 455)
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XXIV Valdivia slain; the war has continued for fifty years (page 456)
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XXV New misfortunes in the kingdom of Chile (page 458)
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XXVI The peaceful life and occupations of King Inca Yupanqui until his death (page 462)
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XXVII The fortress of Cuzco; the size of its stones (page 463)
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XXVIII The three circumvallations, the most remarkable part of the work (page 466)
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XXIX Three towers, the master masons, and the Weary Stone (page 468)
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BOOK EIGHT
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I The conquest of the province of Huacrachucu, and the meaning of its name (page 475)
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II The conquest of the first villages in the province of Chachapoya (page 478)
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III The conquest of other villages and of barbarous tribes (page 480)
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IV The conquest of three large, warlike, and recalcitrant provinces (page 482)
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V The conquest of the Cañari province; its riches and its temple (page 485)
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VI The conquest of many other large provinces as far as the confines of Quito (page 489)
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VII The Inca conquers Quito; Prince Huaina Cápac is present (page 491)
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VIII The three marriages of Huaina Cápac; the death of his father; his sayings (page 495)
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IX Maize and what they call rice, and other seeds (page 498)
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X The vegetables that grow in the earth (page 500)
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XI The fruit of larger [plants and] trees (page 502)
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XII The mulli tree and the pimento (page 504)
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XIII The maguey tree and its uses (page 505)
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XIV The banana, the pineapple, and other fruits (page 507)
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XV The precious leaf called coca, and tobacco (page 509)
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XVI Their tame animals; the flock they kept (page 512)
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XVII The wild flocks and other creatures (page 516)
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XVIII Lions, bears, tigers, and monkeys (page 518)
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XIX Land and water fowl, tame and wild (page 520)
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XX Partridges, pigeons, and other lesser birds (page 523)
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XXI Varieties of parrots; their talkativeness (page 525)
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XXII Four famous rivers; the fish found in Peruvian rivers (page 527)
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XXIII Emeralds, turquoises, and pearls (page 530)
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XXIV Gold and silver (page 534)
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XXV Quicksilver, and how metal was founded before the use of quicksilver (page 537)
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BOOK NINE
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I Huaina Cápac orders a golden cable to be made; the reason for this and its purpose (page 543)
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II Ten of the coastal valleys give in of their own free will, and Túmbez surrenders (page 546)
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III The punishment of those who killed the officials left by Túpac Inca Yupanqui (page 547)
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IV The Inca visits his empire, consults the oracles, and gains the island of Puna (page 549)
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V The people of Puna kill Huaina Cápac's captains (page 552)
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VI The punishment of the rebels (page 554)
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VII The mutiny of the Chachapoyas, and Huaina Cápac's magnanimity (page 555)
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VII The gods and customs of the Manta tribe; their subjugation and that of other savage peoples (page 559)
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IX The giants of those parts and how they met their deaths (page 561)
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X What Huaina Cápac said about the Sun (page 564)
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XI The revolt of the Caranques; their punishment (page 565)
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XII Huaina Cápac makes his son Atahuallpa king of Quito (page 567)
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XIII Two famous roads in Peru (page 569)
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XIV Huaina Cápac heard that the Spaniards were off the coast (page 572)
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XV The testament and death of Huaina Cápac and the prophecy of the arrival of the Spaniards (page 576)
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XVI Mares and horses; how they were bred in the early days and their great value (page 579)
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XVII Cows and oxen; their prices, high and low (page 582)
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XVIII Camels, asses, and goats; their prices and their breeding in Peru (page 584)
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XIX Pigs; their great fertility (page 585)
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XX Sheep and domestic cats (page 586)
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XXI Rabbits and pure-bred dogs (page 587)
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XXII Rats; their great numbers (page 588)
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XXIII Fowls and pigeons (page 590)
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XXIV Wheat (page 594)
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XXV The vine; the first man to grow grapes in Cuzco (page 595)
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XXVI Wine; the first man to make it in Cuzco; its price (page 596)
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XXVII The olive; its first importer into Peru (page 598)
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XXVIII The fruits of Spain and the sugarcane (page 599)
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XXIX Garden plants and herbs; their size (page 601)
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XXX Flax, asparagus, carrots, and aniseed (page 605)
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XXXI New names for various racial groups (page 606)
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XXXII Huáscar Inca demands that his brother Atahuallpa shall do homage to him (page 609)
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XXXIII Atahuallpa's devices to allay his brother's suspicions (page 610)
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XXXIV Huáscar is warned and calls up his warriors (page 612)
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XXXV The battle of the Incas; Atahuallpa's victory and his cruelties (page 613)
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XXXVI The cause of Atahuallpa's atrocities and their most cruel effects (page 615)
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XXXVII The same cruel treatment is extended to the women and children of the royal blood (page 617)
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XXXVIII Some members of the royal blood escape Atahuallpa's cruelties (page 619)
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XXXIX Atahuallpa's cruelty extends to the servants of the royal house (page 622)
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XL The surviving descendants of the royal blood of the Incas (page 625)
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Index (page 629)
Journal Abbreviation | Label | URL |
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AHR | 72.4 (Jul. 1967): 1522-1523 | http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8762%28196707%2972%3A4%3C1522%3ARCOTIA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A |
HAHR | 47.3 (Aug. 1967): 390-391 | http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0018-2168%28196708%2947%3A3%3C390%3ARCOTIA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P |
Citable Link
Published: 1989
Publisher: University of Texas Press
- 9780292770386 (paper)