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"The infantry cannot do with a gun less": the place of the artillery in the British Expeditionary Force, 1914-1918
Sanders Marble
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Cover
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Title Page
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Copyright and Permissions
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List of Illustrations
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Figures
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Maps
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Acknowledgments
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Abbreviations
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1 Introduction
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[Intro]
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Elements of Battle
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Focus of the Study
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Two Schools of Thought?
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Why not Revolutionaries?
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Source Material
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Other Technical Branches
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A Combat Arm?
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New Ideas
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2 Background through the end of 1914
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Introduction
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The Legacy of the Boer War
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Postwar Reforms
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Foreign Influences
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Organizational Structure
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Chain of Command
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Aggressive Use of Artillery
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Field Artillery Tactics
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Field Artillery Equipment
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The Royal Garrison Artillery
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Siege Artillery in the Field
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Conclusions: The Pre-war Artillery
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1914 The Test of Battle
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3 Preparing the Attack: Part I, 1914-1916
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Introduction
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1914
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The First Trench-warfare Attack
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1915 Neuve Chapelle
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Another View on Tactics
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The Next Attacks: Aubers Ridge and Festubert
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Loos
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The Search for a Formula
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GHQ's Role
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Haig Takes Over
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1916 The Somme: Planning
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Density of the Bombardment
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Wire-cutting
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Ammunition Supply
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Course of the Battle
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Conclusion
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4 Preparing the Attack, Part II: 1917-1918
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Introduction
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Arras: The Planning
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Arras: The Battle
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Messines Ridge
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Third Ypres: Planning
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Third Ypres: The Battle
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Smaller Operations
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Cambrai
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Reviewing 1917
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1918 Early Attacks
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1918 Amiens
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1918 The Hundred Days
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Conclusion
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5 The "Counter Blaster" and Counter-Battery Work
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Introduction
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Pre-war Conditions
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1914 Experience from Battle
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1915 Shortage of Materiel
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1916 Grappling with Organization
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1917 The Problems Solved
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1918 Maturation of the System
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Conclusion
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6 Supporting the Attack: Barrages and Direct Fire
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Introduction
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1914
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1915
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1916
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1917
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1918
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Conclusion
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7 Artillery in Defense
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Introduction
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1914
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Trench Warfare, 1914-1916
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1917
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1918
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Conclusion
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8 Training and Schools
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Introduction
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Before the War
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Initial Wartime Problems
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Training Officers
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What to Teach
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Larkhill
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Within the System
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Conclusion
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9 Command and Staff Arrangements
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Introduction
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The Battery
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The Brigade
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The Division
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The Corps
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Corps Heavy Artillery
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Army Level Artillerymen
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Gunners at GHQ
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Conclusion
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10 Conclusion: The Artilleryman's Place
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Appendices Archival Documents
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[Intro]
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Appendix 1 Record of work carried out by the Artillery Branch of the Headquarter Staff, South African War
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Appendix 2 "Practice Camps, 1912, and the Lessons to be Learnt from Them"
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Appendix 3 "Lessons to be Learnt from the 1913 Practice Camps"
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Appendix 4 GHQ Notes on Artillery in the Present War
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Appendix 5 Memorandum on the Possibility of Undertaking Offensive Operations
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Appendix 6 1st Army Methods for the Attack, 13 April 1915
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Appendix 7 SS24, "Object and Conditions of Combined Offensive Action," June 1915
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Appendix 8 CDS 50, Tactical Notes, July 1915
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Appendix 9 CDS 93, Report on Experimental Firing with 18-pr. Shrapnel and H.E. at Calais, November 1915
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Appendix 10 Minutes of MGsRA Conference, 24 December 1915
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Appendix 11 SS98/4, Artillery Notes Number 4, Artillery in Offensive Operations, April 1916
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Appendix 12 SS109, Training of Divisions for Offensive Action, May 1916
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Appendix 13 Notes on Artillery, June 1916 (Compiled by the General Staff.)
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Appendix 14 Report on Visit to III Corps, c. June 1916
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Appendix 15 Artillery Notes Number 5, Wire Cutting, June 1916
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Appendix 16 Letters from Major General Birch, June-July 1916
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Appendix 17 Birch's report on the Somme Bombardment, 9 July 1916
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Appendix 18 Artillery Lessons Drawn From The Battle Of The Somme, c. December 1916
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Appendix 19 SS139/4, Artillery in Offensive Operations, March 1917
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Appendix 20 SS157, Report on the Overseas Artillery School, Salisbury Plain, May 1917
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Appendix 21 Internal GHQ memo on limited attacks, 26 June 1917
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Appendix 22 Attack Barrages As Modified By The Enemy's Latest Tactics, 25 August 1917
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Appendix 23 General Principles on which the Artillery Plan will be drawn, August-September 1917
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Appendix 24 SS592, Catechism for Heavy and Siege Artillery Subalterns, October 1917
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Appendix 26 Lessons from the 1917 Battle Fighting of the Fifth Army from an Artillery Point of View, December 1917
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Appendix 27 Remarks on "Notes on the work of a Counter Battery Office," c. late 1917 (XV Corps)
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Appendix 29 Fifth Army winter artillery guidelines, 1917-18, 27 December 1917
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Appendix 30 Birch's Report on Artillery in Defense, 10 February 1918
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Appendix 31 SS139/3, Artillery Notes Number 3, "Counter-Battery Work," February 1918
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Appendix 32 SS139/7, Artillery Notes Number 7, "Artillery in Defensive Operations," February 1918
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Appendix 33 Extract from the report on the Organization etc. of the IX Corps Artillery during the Operations from 10th to 21st April, 1918; May 1918
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Appendix 34 Fourth Army Artillery in the Battle of Amiens, 26 August 1918
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Appendix 35 Fourth Army Artillery in the Attack on the Hindenburg Line, c. October 1918
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Appendix 36 "The Development of Mobile Artillery, 1914-1918," 1919
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Appendix 37 Anon., "Artillery and the General Staff," 1919
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Appendix 38 "Artillery Development in the Great War," October 1920
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Appendix 39 C. N. F. Broad, "Artillery Intelligence and Counter Battery Work," 1922
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Appendix 40 "The Coming of the Creeping Barrage," 1931
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Appendix 41 Memo from MGRA at GHQ for Haig's conference with Army Commanders, 9 June 1918
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Appendix 42 Draft memo from MGRA, GHQ to GS, GHQ, 23 August 1916
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Notes
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1 Introduction
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2 Background through the end of 1914
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3 Preparing the Attack: Part I, 1914-1916
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4 Preparing the Attack, Part II: 1917-1918
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5 The "Counter Blaster" and Counter-Battery Work
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6 Supporting the Attack: Barrages and Direct Fire
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7 Artillery in Defense
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8 Training and Schools
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9 Command and Staff Arrangements
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10 Conclusion: The Artilleryman's Place
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Appendix 1 Record of work carried out by the Artillery Branch of the Headquarter Staff, South African War
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Glossary of Useful Terms
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Bibliography
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Unpublished Primary Sources
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Public Record Office, Kew
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Churchill College, Cambridge
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House of Lords Record Office
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Imperial War Museum
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Liddell Hart Centre, King's College London
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National Army Museum
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Royal Air Force Museum
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Royal Artillery Institution
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Staff College, Camberley
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Published Primary Sources
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Books
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Articles
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Other Journals
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Secondary Sources
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Links
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Chronological Index
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About the Author
Citable Link
Published: 2008
Publisher: Columbia University Press
- 9780231502191 (ebook)