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  2. Societies, religion, and history: central-east Tanzanians and the world they created, c. 200 BCE to 1800 CE

Societies, religion, and history: central-east Tanzanians and the world they created, c. 200 BCE to 1800 CE

Rhonda M. Gonzales 2014 © Columbia University Press
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Series
  • Gutenberg-e
ISBN(s)
  • 9780231512244 (ebook)
  • 9780231142427 (hardcover)
Subject
  • European: 1400-1800
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  • Table of Contents

  • Resources

  • Stats

  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright and Permissions
  • Illustrations
  • Acknowledgments
  • Introduction
    • Introduction
    • The Evolution of the Project
    • Book Chapters
    • Approaches
    • Notes for Readers
  • Chapter 1 Recasting Early History in Central-East Tanzania
    • Introduction
    • Words of History, History of Words
    • Comparative Historical Linguistics: One Way Back
    • Language and Genetic Relationships
    • Proto-Ruvu and Its Daughter Languages
    • Glottochronology: Estimating When Languages Diverged
    • Language Classification and Glottochronology
    • Ruvu Patterns of Divergence and Settlement: A Schematic Representation
      • Introduction
      • Schemata 1: Proto-Ruvu Language Divergence Sequence
    • Mapping Ruvu Divergence on the Tanzania Landscape
    • The Niger-Congo Family and Its Bantu Branch
    • A Case of Swahili Exceptionalism
    • Religion in Ruvu History
    • Challenges in Writing the History of Religion in Africa
  • Chapter 2 From Hinterland to Motherland: The Northeast-Coastal Culture Zone
    • Introduction
    • Mashariki-Speaking Communities Move Into Tanzania
    • Azania's (Tanzania's) Early First Millennium CE Hinter-Coastland Milieu
    • Hinter-Coastal Tanzania at the Turn of the First Millennium CE: Archaeology and Linguistics
    • The Nascent Northeast-Coastal-Bantu Period
    • Archaeology of Central-East Tanzania c. 300 – 700 CE
    • Ruvu Languages and Neighbors to 1000 CE
    • Archaeology in Ruvu's Easterly Zones c. 700 – 1000 CE
    • Proto-West Ruvu Societies and Their Neighbors to 1000 CE
    • Ruvu Language Descendants c. 1000 to 1800 CE
    • Culture and Contact Zones After 1000 CE in Central-East Tanzania
    • West Ruvu, East Ruvu, and Njombe: An Areal Culture Zone
    • Conclusion
  • Chapter 3 Ruvu Societies and Worldview
    • Introduction
    • Worldview and Religion
    • Examining Ruvu Societies in the Early Hinter-Coastal Milieu
    • Ancestresses, Matriclans, and Spiritual Authority
    • Sociopolitical Innovations and Adaptations in the Second Millennium CE
    • Accoutrements of Domesticity
    • Expressive Pots
    • Ruvu Kitchens and Their Trappings
    • Conceptualizing Land
    • Land and Labor
    • Conclusions
  • Chapter 4 More than a Stage: Life Position, Gender, and Lineal Power
    • Introduction
    • Pregnancy, Birth Attendants, and Infants
    • Children in their Formative Years
    • Girls in Northeast-Coastal Bantu Matrilineal Societies
    • Mwali Instruction and Ceremonies
    • Do Ruvu Peoples Circumcise Their Girls?
    • The Mwali Is Danced
    • From Boys to Men in Ruvu Societies
    • Married to the Matrilineage
    • “Married Women ... Women Should Have Children”
    • Conclusions
  • Chapter 5 Healing the Body: Etiology, Caregivers, and Prevention
    • Introduction
    • Disease in the Northeast-Coastal Cultural Zone
    • Etiology: Environment, Ethereal Forces, and Witchcraft
    • The Role of Spirit in Disease Etiology
    • “Witchcraft”: A Physical Threat to Well-Being
    • Health Practitioners
    • Religio-Ritual Medicine
    • Religio-Ritual Ceremonies and Health
    • Clan-Led Propitiation
    • Nature Spirits and Rainmaking
    • Spirits, Possession, and Mediums
    • Curative and Preventative Medicine
    • Summing Up
  • Chapter 6 A Tapestry of the Ruvu Past: An Overview to c. 1800 CE
    • Introduction
    • Azania's Rhapta and Steady Migration along Central Tanzania's Hinter-Coast, c. 200 BCE –500 CE
    • Ruvu Roots, c. 600–900 CE
    • Ruvu Descendants and the Settling of Culture Clusters, c. 900 –1400 CE
    • Ruvu Milieus and the Enduring Swahili Presence, c. 1400–1800 CE
    • Concluding Remarks
  • Notes
    • Introduction
    • Chapter 1 Recasting Early History in Central-East Tanzania
    • Chapter 2 From Hinterland to Motherland: The Northeast-Coastal Culture Zone
    • Chapter 3 Ruvu Societies and Worldview
    • Chapter 4 More than a Stage: Life Position, Gender, and Lineal Power
    • Chapter 5 Healing the Body: Etiology, Caregivers, and Prevention
    • Chapter 6 A Tapestry of the Ruvu Past: An Overview to c. 1800 CE
  • Appendix
  • Abbreviations and Symbols
    • Abbreviations
    • Symbols
  • Bibliography
    • Tanzania National Archives, Dar es Salaam
    • Published Language Sources
    • Books, Journal Articles, and Theses

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heb99034.0005-lg.jpg

c. 1500-1700 CE

c. 1500-1700 CE

c. 1500-1700 CE

Northeast Coastal Bantu Language Groups, c. 600 CE

Northeast Coastal Bantu Language Groups, c. 600 CE

Map 5 Northeast Coastal Bantu Language Groups, c. 600 CE

Proto-Northeast Coastal Bantu, c. 300 CE

Proto-Northeast Coastal Bantu, c. 300 CE

Map 3 Proto-Northeast Coastal Bantu, c. 300 CE

c. 600-900 CE

c. 600-900 CE

c. 600-900 CE

Ruvu Peoples and Neighbors, c. 1500 CE

Ruvu Peoples and Neighbors, c. 1500 CE

Map 8 Ruvu Peoples and Neighbors, c. 1500 CE

Azania Bantu, c. 200 BCE-1 CE

Azania Bantu, c. 200 BCE-1 CE

Map 1 Azania Bantu, c. 200 BCE-1 CE

heb99034.0001-lg.jpg

c. 1700-1800 CE

c. 1700-1800 CE

c. 1700-1800 CE

Ruvu Peoples and Neighbors, c. 1700 CE

Ruvu Peoples and Neighbors, c. 1700 CE

Map 9 Ruvu Peoples and Neighbors, c. 1700 CE

Figure 1 Proto-Ruvu Divergence and Internal Group Contact

Figure 1 Proto-Ruvu Divergence and Internal Group Contact

Figure 1 Proto-Ruvu Divergence and Internal Group Contact

heb99034.0008-lg.jpg

Northeast Coastal Bantu Language Groups, c. 500-600 CE

Northeast Coastal Bantu Language Groups, c. 500-600 CE

Map 4 Northeast Coastal Bantu Language Groups, c. 500-600 CE

Azania and Upland Bantu, c. 1-200 CE

Azania and Upland Bantu, c. 1-200 CE

Map 2 Azania and Upland Bantu, c. 1-200 CE

Full Schemata 1

Full Schemata 1

Full Schemata 1

Table 1 Ruvu Shared Cognation Percentages

Table 1 Ruvu Shared Cognation Percentages

Table 1 Ruvu Shared Cognation Percentages

c. 1000-1400 CE

c. 1000-1400 CE

c. 1000-1400 CE

Potsherd Illustrations from Sites of the Central Tanzania Coast

Potsherd Illustrations from Sites of the Central Tanzania Coast

Figure 2 Potsherd Illustrations from Sites of the Central Tanzania Coast

Ruvu Peoples and Neighbors, c. 1400 CE

Ruvu Peoples and Neighbors, c. 1400 CE

Map 7 Ruvu Peoples and Neighbors, c. 1400 CE

heb99034.0006-lg.jpg

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