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Societies, religion, and history: central-east Tanzanians and the world they created, c. 200 BCE to 1800 CE
Rhonda M. Gonzales
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Cover
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Title Page
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Copyright and Permissions
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Illustrations
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Acknowledgments
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Introduction
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Introduction
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The Evolution of the Project
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Book Chapters
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Approaches
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Notes for Readers
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Chapter 1 Recasting Early History in Central-East Tanzania
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Introduction
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Words of History, History of Words
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Comparative Historical Linguistics: One Way Back
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Language and Genetic Relationships
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Proto-Ruvu and Its Daughter Languages
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Glottochronology: Estimating When Languages Diverged
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Language Classification and Glottochronology
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Ruvu Patterns of Divergence and Settlement: A Schematic Representation
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Introduction
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Schemata 1: Proto-Ruvu Language Divergence Sequence
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Mapping Ruvu Divergence on the Tanzania Landscape
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The Niger-Congo Family and Its Bantu Branch
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A Case of Swahili Exceptionalism
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Religion in Ruvu History
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Challenges in Writing the History of Religion in Africa
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Chapter 2 From Hinterland to Motherland: The Northeast-Coastal Culture Zone
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Introduction
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Mashariki-Speaking Communities Move Into Tanzania
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Azania's (Tanzania's) Early First Millennium CE Hinter-Coastland Milieu
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Hinter-Coastal Tanzania at the Turn of the First Millennium CE: Archaeology and Linguistics
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The Nascent Northeast-Coastal-Bantu Period
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Archaeology of Central-East Tanzania c. 300 – 700 CE
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Ruvu Languages and Neighbors to 1000 CE
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Archaeology in Ruvu's Easterly Zones c. 700 – 1000 CE
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Proto-West Ruvu Societies and Their Neighbors to 1000 CE
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Ruvu Language Descendants c. 1000 to 1800 CE
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Culture and Contact Zones After 1000 CE in Central-East Tanzania
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West Ruvu, East Ruvu, and Njombe: An Areal Culture Zone
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Conclusion
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Chapter 3 Ruvu Societies and Worldview
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Introduction
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Worldview and Religion
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Examining Ruvu Societies in the Early Hinter-Coastal Milieu
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Ancestresses, Matriclans, and Spiritual Authority
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Sociopolitical Innovations and Adaptations in the Second Millennium CE
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Accoutrements of Domesticity
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Expressive Pots
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Ruvu Kitchens and Their Trappings
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Conceptualizing Land
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Land and Labor
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Conclusions
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Chapter 4 More than a Stage: Life Position, Gender, and Lineal Power
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Introduction
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Pregnancy, Birth Attendants, and Infants
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Children in their Formative Years
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Girls in Northeast-Coastal Bantu Matrilineal Societies
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Mwali Instruction and Ceremonies
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Do Ruvu Peoples Circumcise Their Girls?
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The Mwali Is Danced
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From Boys to Men in Ruvu Societies
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Married to the Matrilineage
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“Married Women ... Women Should Have Children”
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Conclusions
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Chapter 5 Healing the Body: Etiology, Caregivers, and Prevention
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Introduction
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Disease in the Northeast-Coastal Cultural Zone
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Etiology: Environment, Ethereal Forces, and Witchcraft
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The Role of Spirit in Disease Etiology
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“Witchcraft”: A Physical Threat to Well-Being
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Health Practitioners
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Religio-Ritual Medicine
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Religio-Ritual Ceremonies and Health
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Clan-Led Propitiation
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Nature Spirits and Rainmaking
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Spirits, Possession, and Mediums
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Curative and Preventative Medicine
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Summing Up
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Chapter 6 A Tapestry of the Ruvu Past: An Overview to c. 1800 CE
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Introduction
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Azania's Rhapta and Steady Migration along Central Tanzania's Hinter-Coast, c. 200 BCE –500 CE
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Ruvu Roots, c. 600–900 CE
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Ruvu Descendants and the Settling of Culture Clusters, c. 900 –1400 CE
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Ruvu Milieus and the Enduring Swahili Presence, c. 1400–1800 CE
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Concluding Remarks
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Notes
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Introduction
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Chapter 1 Recasting Early History in Central-East Tanzania
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Chapter 2 From Hinterland to Motherland: The Northeast-Coastal Culture Zone
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Chapter 3 Ruvu Societies and Worldview
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Chapter 4 More than a Stage: Life Position, Gender, and Lineal Power
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Chapter 5 Healing the Body: Etiology, Caregivers, and Prevention
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Chapter 6 A Tapestry of the Ruvu Past: An Overview to c. 1800 CE
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Appendix
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Abbreviations and Symbols
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Abbreviations
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Symbols
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Bibliography
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Tanzania National Archives, Dar es Salaam
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Published Language Sources
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Books, Journal Articles, and Theses
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Citable Link
Published: 2014
Publisher: Columbia University Press
- 9780231512244 (ebook)
- 9780231142427 (hardcover)