Skip to main content
BAR Publishing
  • Help
  • About
  • Publish with BAR
  • Newsletter

Your use of this Platform is subject to BAR’s End User License Agreement. Please read it carefully. Materials on the Platform are for the use of authorised users only. Giving access in any form to non-authorised users is prohibited.

Share the story of what Open Access means to you

a graphic of a lock that is open, the universal logo for open access

University of Michigan needs your feedback to better understand how readers are using openly available ebooks. You can help by taking a short, privacy-friendly survey.

  1. Home
  2. Butua and the End of an Era: The effect of the collapse of the Kalanga state on ordinary citizens. An analysis of behaviour under stress

Butua and the End of an Era: The effect of the collapse of the Kalanga state on ordinary citizens. An analysis of behaviour under stress

Catharina van Waarden 2012 © BAR Publishing
Restricted You do not have access to this book. How to get access.
The Kalanga state Butua, which had dominated the Zimbabwe plateau (south central Africa) for four centuries, collapsed in the 1830s due to repeated difaqane invasions, and its population became subject to Ndebele invaders. This work is a study of how the farming population coped with the stresses brought by these events and how this is manifest in the archaeological remains. A model of group behaviour under stress suggests that, with increasing stress, group solidarity at first increases, but later decreases: a series of hypotheses based on this model guides this study. The first section of the research presents a reconstruction of the 'Butua' state based on oral and documentary evidence as well as archaeological research in Botswana. The second part combines information from historical sources with archaeological evidence from two villages at Domboshaba to reconstruct events and conditions in northeastern Botswana during the turbulent 19th century.
Read Book Buy Book
Series
  • BAR pre-2020
  • BAR International Series pre-2020
ISBN(s)
  • 9781407339979 (ebook)
  • 9781407310190 (paperback)
BAR Number
  • S2420
Subject
  • Early Modern and Modern
  • Identity / Gender / Childhood / Ethnicity / Romanization
  • Africa
  • Ethnoarchaeology / Anthropology
  • Theory and Method (general titles)
  • Historical and Industrial Archaeology
Citable Link
  • Table of Contents

  • Stats

  • Front Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright
  • Abstract
  • Table of Contents
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • LIST OF FIGURES
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 2. STATE COLLAPSE AND ITS EFFECT ON ORDINARY CITIZENS A MODEL FOR BEHAVIOUR UNDER STRESS
  • 3. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT
  • 4. ETHNOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND
  • 5. PREVIOUS RESEARCH
  • 6. APPROACHES AND METHODS
  • 7. BUTUA HISTORY FROM DOCUMENTS AND ORAL TRADITIONS
  • 8. ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF BUTUA ELITE SITES
  • 9. COMMONER SITES
  • 10. VUMBA
  • 11. BOSHE SELOLWE AND OTHER ELITE SITES NEAR VUMBA
  • 12. BATHU NE BOSHE SUBJECTS AND RULERS DURING THE KHAMI PHASE
  • 13. HISTORY OF THE END ORAL AND DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE
  • 14. DOMBOSHABA REFUGE SITES
  • 15. CHANGING BEHAVIOUR UNDER STRESS
  • Epilogue
  • APPENDICES
  • APPENDIX A. RADIOCARBON DATES
  • APPENDIX B. ZIMBABWE TRADITION RUINS IN BOTSWANA
  • APPENDIX C. COMMONER SITES
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
6 views since February 28, 2020
BAR Publishing logo +44 (0)1865 310431 info@barpublishing.com www.barpublishing.com

FacebookTwitter

End User License Agreement

© BAR Publishing 2021

Powered by Fulcrum logo · Log In
x This site requires cookies to function correctly.