An "Oriental" at the International Congress of Orientalists, London, 1874. Samuel Birch explains the Rosetta Stone to Western scholars as a beturbaned man looks on. Illustrated London News, 26 September 1874, as reproduced in Nicholas Warner, ed., Egyptian Panorama: Reports from the 19th Century British Press (Cairo, 1994), 23.

From Whose pharaohs?: archaeology, museums, and Egyptian national identity from Napoleon to World War I by Donald Malcolm Reid