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The Courteous Power: Japan and Southeast Asia in the Indo-Pacific Era
John D. Ciorciari and Kiyoteru Tsutsui, EditorsThe Courteous Power seeks to provide a nuanced view of the current relationship between Japan and Southeast Asia. Much of the current scholarship on East–Southeast Asian engagement has focused on the multidimensional chess game playing out between China and Japan, as the dominant post-imperialist powers. Alternatively, there has been renewed attention on ASEAN and other Southeast Asian–centered initiatives, explicitly minimizing the influence of East Asia in the region. Given the urgency of understanding the careful balance in the Indo-Pacific region, this volume brings together scholars to examine the history and current engagement from a variety of perspectives, ranging from economic and political, to the cultural and technological, while also focusing more clearly on the specific relationship between the region and Japan.
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Cover
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Half Title
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Series Information
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Title Page
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Copyright Page
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Contents
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Acknowledgments
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Abbreviations
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1 From the Fukuda Doctrine to the FOIP: The Evolution of Japanese Engagement in Southeast Asia
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Phases of Japanese Engagement
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Economic Engagement with Strategic Subordination
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The Fukuda Doctrine and a More Activist Approach
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Added Autonomy after the Cold War
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Abe and the Indo-Pacific Era
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Understanding Japan’s Importance in Southeast Asia
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Relations on the International Political Plane
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The Roles of Non-State Actors: Business, Development, and Culture
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Conclusion
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Notes
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Part I: Relations on the International Political Plane
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2 Japan as the Key to Southeast Asian Diversification
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The Relevance of Diversification
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Distinguishing Hedging and Diversification
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The Merits of Diversifying
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Japan’s Facilitation of Southeast Asian Diversification
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Aid Diversification
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Trade and Investment Diversification
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Diversifying through Multilateral Diplomacy
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The New Frontier: Maritime Security
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Implications for Regional Order
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Notes
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3 Japan’s Defense and Security Cooperation in Southeast Asia: Developing Security Networks, Capacities, and Institutions
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Security Networking
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Joint Training and Exercises
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Bilateral Defense Diplomacy
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Formation of the “Vientiane Vision”: A Comprehensive Approach
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Capacity Building
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Regional Security Cooperation: Institutional Development
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Conclusion
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Notes
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4 Wedge Strategies, Japan–ASEAN Cooperation, and the Making of the EAS: Implications for Indo-Pacific Institutionalization
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“Wedge Strategies” in Multilateral Institutions: The Case of ASEAN
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The EAS Establishment Process: Tug-Of-War among Japan, China, and ASEAN Member States
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Analysis: Japan and ASEAN Cooperation
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Conclusion: Implications for the Indo-Pacific
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Notes
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5 Japan’s Relations with ASEAN: Unity and Diversity in a Changing Regional Environment
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Japan in the Changing Regional Environment: The “Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy”
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Japan’s Relationship to ASEAN
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The Importance of Intra-ASEAN Unity
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ASEAN and Vietnam’s Invasion/Occupation of Cambodia
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ASEAN and the Financial Crisis 1997–1999
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Japan, ASEAN and the FOIP: How Should Japan Manage Its Relations with ASEAN?
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Conclusion
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Notes
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6 Not Quite a Follower: ASEAN’s Response to Japan’s Regional Initiatives
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Why Regional Initiatives?
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Case 1: The Nakayama Proposal and the ASEAN Regional Forum
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Membership
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Policy Areas
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Normative Values
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ASEAN’s Responses
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Membership
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Policy Areas
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Normative Values
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Case 2: The Koizumi Vision and ‘ASEAN+6’ Framework of the East Asian Summit
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Membership
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Policy Areas
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Normative Values
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ASEAN’s Responses
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Membership
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Policy Areas
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Normative Values
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Case 3: The Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy and ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific
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Membership
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Policy Areas
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Normative Values
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ASEAN’s Responses
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Membership
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Policy Areas
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Normative Values
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Conclusion
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Notes
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Part II: Development, Culture, and the Roles of Non-State Actors
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7 From Japan Inc. to the FOIP: The Evolving Role of Japanese Businesses in Japan’s Southeast Asia Policy
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ODA and Investment (1960s–1980s)
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Japanese Businesses and Regional Economic Policy (1990s–2000s)
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Economics and Security Mixed in the FOIP Era (2010s and Beyond)
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Diversifying Foreign Policy and Diversifying Businesses
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Co-existence of Strategic and Business Interests
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Conclusion
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Notes
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8 The Japanese Business Community as a Diplomatic Asset and the 2014 Thai Coup d’État
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The U.S. and Japanese Critiques of the 2014 Thai Coup
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The Junta Reaching Out: Japanese Business in Bangkok
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Japan as the Third Choice for Thailand?
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The Role of the Japanese Business Community
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Conclusion
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Notes
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9 Japan’s NGOs and Effective Development Cooperation in Mekong Countries
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Japanese NGOs in Aid Processes
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Emergence: Pre-1995
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Turning Point: Post-1995
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The Indo-Pacific Era: A Struggle for Growth and Independence
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Japan and Development in Mekong Countries: Interactions between Japanese and Local Actors
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Development of the Mekong Region and Japan’s Aid Policy: Pre-2009
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From the Tokyo Strategy for Mekong–Japan Cooperation to the FOIP Strategy
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Water Resources Management and the Green Mekong Initiative
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Conclusion
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Notes
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10 Japan–Southeast Asia Engagements on the Ground: Japanese Women in Southeast Asia
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Contemporary Transnational Mobility of Japanese Women to Southeast Asia
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The Pull of Southeast Asia as a Destination
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New Japanese Women Migrants and the Desire for Self-Discovery
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Work Employment: Serving as a Linguistic and Cultural Bridge
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Japanese Working Women as Local Hires
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Japanese Language Teachers
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Becoming Entrepreneurs in Local Communities: Creating Opportunities for Engagements
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Japanese Women Running Small Businesses
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Japanese Women in Philanthropy
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Transnational Marriage: Japanese Women Marrying Local Southeast Asians
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Conclusion
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Notes
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11 Revisiting “Cool Japan”: The Southeast Asian Gaze toward Japanese Manga and Anime
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What Is Soft Power?
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“Look to Japan”
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FANtasizing Japan
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Hijab Cosplay in Indonesia
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Duterte Manga/Anime
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Doraemon Tofu
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Conclusion
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Notes
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12 Japan as a Courteous Power: Continuity and Change in the Indo-Pacific Era
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Japan’s Distinctive Modes of Influence
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A Courteous Power
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Why Be Courteous?
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Influence via Diplomacy and Defense
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Impact on Economic and Political Development
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Grassroots Interactions and “Soft Power”
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Continuity and Change in the FOIP Era
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A Widening Security Role
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Boosting Economic Connectivity
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The Question of Democratic Values
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ASEAN Centrality
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Looking Forward
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Notes
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Contributors
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Index
- 978-0-472-07497-6 (hardcover)
- 978-0-472-12929-4 (ebook)
- 978-0-472-05497-8 (paper)