Barchart of reform adoptions by country-year
From Chapter 1
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Electoral Reform and the Fate of New Democracies argues that elite inexperience may constrain self-interest and lead elites to undertake incremental approaches to reform, aiding the process of democratic consolidation. Using a multimethods approach, the book examines three consecutive periods of reform in Indonesia, the world's largest Muslim majority country and third largest democracy, between 1999 and 2014. Each case study provides an in-depth process tracing of the negotiations leading to new reforms, including key actors in the legislature, domestic civil society, international experts, and government bureaucrats. A series of counterfactual analyses assess the impact the reforms had on actual election outcomes, versus the possible alternative outcomes of different reform options discussed during negotiations. With a comparative analysis of nine cases of iterated reform processes in other new democracies, the book confirms the lessons from the Indonesian case and highlights key lessons for scholars and electoral engineers.
From Chapter 1
Fig. 1.1. Major Reform Adoptions by Country-Year: 1980–2010
From Chapter 2
Fig. 2.1. Intra- and Interparty Dimensions of Electoral Reform
From Chapter 3
Fig. 3.1. Percentage of National Legislative Seats by Party, 1999–2014
From Chapter 4
Fig. 4.1. Change in Vote-to-Seat Differentials, 1999–2004
From Chapter 4
Fig. 4.2. Percentage of DPR Representatives Elected out of List Order, 2004
From Chapter 5
Fig. 5.1. Small Party Seat Representation with No Electoral Threshold, 2009
From Chapter 5
Fig. 5.2. Percentage of DPR Representatives Elected out of List Order, 2009
Fig. 6.1. Percentage of DPR Representatives Elected Because of Open Lists, 2014
From Chapter 7
Fig. 7.1. Dimensions and Directional Movement of Electoral Reform
From Chapter 7
Fig. 7.2. Centrally Oriented Iterated Reform Cases
From Chapter 7
Fig. 7.3. Non–Centrally Oriented Iterated Reform Cases
From Chapter 7
Fig. 7.4. Polish Iterated Reform Stages
From Appendix
Fig. Appendix C.1. New Democracies with Noncontiguous Iterated Reform Periods
From Appendix
Fig. Appendix C.2. Long-Standing Democracies
with Contiguous Iterated Electoral Reform Periods
From Appendix
From Appendix
From Appendix
From Appendix
From Appendix
From Appendix