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Excavations at San José Mogote 2: The Cognitive Archaeology
Kent V. Flannery and Joyce Marcus with contributions by Chris L. Moser, Ronald Spores, Dudley M. Varner, Judith Francis Zeitlin, and Robert N. Zeitlin
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San José Mogote is a 60-70 ha Formative site in the northern Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico, which was occupied for a thousand years before the city of Monte Albán was founded. Filling 432 pages and utilizing more than 400 photographs and line drawings, this book describes in detail more than 35 public buildings, including men's houses, one-room temples, a performance platform, two-room state temples, a ballcourt, and two types of palaces.
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Contents
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List of Tables
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Acknowledgments
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1. San José Mogote and the Cognitive Archaeology of the Zapotec
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A Note on Absolute Chronology
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Cognitive Archaeology
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2. Ritual Life during the Archaic
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Forager Camps and Ad Hoc Ritual
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Ad Hoc Ritual at Gheo-Shih, Oaxaca
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Guilá Naquitz Cave
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The Question of Solar Alignment
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An Early Case of Human Sacrifice
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Implications for the Future
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3. Men’s and Women’s Ritual in Early Segmentary Society
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Tierras Largas Phase Society
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Worldwide Variation in Men’s Houses
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Women’s Ritual
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The Tierras Largas Phase Men’s Houses
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Building Orientation and Calendric Ritual
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The Sequence of Men’s Houses at San José Mogote
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4. The San José Phase and the Cognitive Archaeology of Early Rank Society
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Changes in Society
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Cosmology and Iconography
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Women’s Ritual
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Men’s Ritual
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A Possible Secular Public Building in Area A
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The Beginnings of Adobe Architecture, Stone Masonry, and the Pyramidal Platform
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5. Guadalupe Phase Ritual and Sociopolitical Cycling
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Sociopolitical Alliance Building
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Temple Building
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The Guadalupe Phase Temple of a Rival Chiefly Center
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Conclusions
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6. The Reburial of Elite Middle Formative Youths on Mound 1
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Burial 65
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Burial 66
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Burial 67
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Burial 68
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Burial 71
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Overview
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7. An Introduction to the Rosario Phase
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The Rank Society Headed by San José Mogote
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Dating Buildings to the Rosario Phase
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The Rosario Phase at Tierras Largas
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Dating Rosario Buildings
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8. The Conversion of Mound 1 into a Rosario Phase Acropolis
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Excavation of the Structure 19 Overburden
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The Excavation of Structure 19’s Three Construction Stages
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Features 101–104
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Other Items Found in Zone E
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Feature 97 and Burial 64: Possible Dedicatory Offerings
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Structure 28
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9. Architecture and Writing in the Service of the Chief
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Structure 14
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Structure 37
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Monument 3 and the Iconography of Chiefly Power
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Structure 31: A Rosario Phase “Performance Platform”
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Mound 1 at the End of the Rosario Phase
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10. Monte Albán Ia: Synoikism and Social Memory
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Visits during the Early Monte Albán I Hiatus
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The Internal Ceramic Chronology of Monte Albán I
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Dating the Disconformity between Stratigraphic Zones B and A2
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Feature 77
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Feature 78
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The Ritual Buildings of Zone A2
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Structure 23
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Structure 24
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Burial 58
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Sherds from the General Fill of Zone A2
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The Activities of Zone A2: A Reconstruction
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“Social Memory”: The Cognitive Aspects of Ritual Visits to Abandoned Sites
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11. The Monte Albán Ic Hiatus (with Observations on the Lack of Fit between Survey and Excavation Results)
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The Limitations of Surface Survey
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Surface Sherds at San José Mogote
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Late Monte Albán I and the Problems of Caso, Bernal, and Acosta’s Type G12
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Conclusions
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12. The Monte Albán-Tilcajete Conflict and the Origins of the Two-Room Temple
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Structure 1
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Structure 20
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Structure 16
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The Significance of the Tilcajete Temples
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13. The Monte Albán II Renaissance at San José Mogote
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The Sequence of Monte Albán II Temples on Structure 14
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Altar 1
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A Possible Post-occupation Offering above the Ruins of Structure 37
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Possible Rituals of Sanctification, Conducted before the Building of Structure 36
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Structure 36
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The Layer of Fill between Structures 36 and 35
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Structure 35
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The Layer of Fill between Structures 35 and 13
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Structure 13
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Temple Renovation and the 52-Year Calendar Round
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An Offering in the Fill between Structure 13 and Floor 1
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Did Floor 1 Belong to a Temple?
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Feature 20
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Other Trash Pits
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14. The Remaining Temples on the Monte Albán II Acropolis
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Structure 29
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Tomb 9
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Modifications to Structure 19 Made during Monte Albán II
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Structures 21 and 22
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15. Solving the Mystery of don Leandro’s Tunnel
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16. The Temples of Mound 3 by Ronald Spores
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Structure 32
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Structure 33
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The Intrusive Pit through the Floor of Structure 33
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Structure 34
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The Strata below Structure 34
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17. The Governmental Palace on Mound 8 by Kent V. Flannery and Dudley M. Varner
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Mound 8
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The Stratigraphic Test in Square S2W10
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The Stucco Floor at 2.55 m below Datum
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Feature 72
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Evidence of Monte Albán IIIa Occupation
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Structure 18
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Conclusions
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18. The Palatial Residence on Mound 9 by Judith Francis Zeitlin and Robert N. Zeitlin
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The Objectives of Our 1974 Excavations
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Excavation Strategy
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Construction Stages
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Dating the Building with Diagnostic Ceramics
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The Dating of Specific Walls and Floors in Mound 9-east
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The Artifacts
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Faunal Remains
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Conclusions
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19. The Ballcourt on Mound 7 by Chris L. Moser
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The East-West Trench
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The North End-field
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The North End-field Staircase
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The N2W1 Stratigraphic Test
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Dating the Ballcourt with Ceramics
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Possible Ballgame-Related Artifacts
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Conclusions
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20. The Evolution of Zapotec State Religion
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The Era of Nomadic Foraging and Early Horticulture
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Ritual in the Era of Egalitarian Villages
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The Escalation of Ritual and Social Inequality
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Ritual in an Era of Chiefly Cycling
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Ritual in a Powerful, Militaristic, Three-Tiered Chiefdom
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The Abandonment of San José Mogote and the Founding of Monte Albán
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Ritual in the Era of State Formation
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Government and Religion in an Expansionist, Militaristic State
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Conclusions
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Appendix A: The Mound 1/Area A Step Trench
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Appendix B: Resumen en Español
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References Cited
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Index
Citable Link
Published: 2015
Publisher: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropological Archaeology
- 978-0-915703-86-9 (paper)
- 978-1-951519-68-1 (ebook)